The nurse understands that late postpartum hemorrhage may be prevented by

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because inspecting the placenta after birth can help identify missing fragments and prevent late postpartum hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the prevention of late postpartum hemorrhage. Manual removal of the placenta, pulling on the umbilical cord, and administering antibiotics are not recommended preventive measures for late postpartum hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Foods that are high in vitamin K should be restricted and/or limited in consumption while on Coumadin therapy. Vitamin K is the antidote to Coumadin activity. Therefore, lentils, which are high in vitamin K, should be modified in the patient's diet to prevent interference with the effectiveness of warfarin in treating DVT.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric patients with respiratory distress, the development of a DVT is a serious complication that can occur due to factors such as immobility, dehydration, or the presence of central venous catheters. The clinical finding of stiffness in the right leg is indicative of a potential DVT because it suggests limited range of motion, swelling, and pain which are classic symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis. Option A, slow gait, is a non-specific finding that may be seen in various conditions and does not specifically point towards DVT. Option B, shuffling gait, is more indicative of neurological or musculoskeletal issues rather than DVT. Option D, leaning on husband for support, may indicate weakness or instability but is not a typical sign of DVT. Educationally, it is important for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory distress to be aware of the risk factors and clinical manifestations of DVT. Prompt recognition of signs like stiffness in the leg can lead to early intervention and prevention of complications such as pulmonary embolism. Nurses should also focus on prevention strategies such as promoting mobility, hydration, and appropriate use of compression stockings to reduce the risk of DVT in these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Chemical, thermal, and mechanical factors. This option accurately describes the process of how a newly delivered baby initiates respirations. Chemical factors include the increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen levels that occur during labor and delivery, stimulating the respiratory center in the brain to initiate breathing. Thermal factors refer to the change in temperature after birth, which also contributes to the initiation of respirations. Mechanical factors involve the physical stimulation of the baby, such as the pressure changes during birthing that help trigger the first breath. Option A) Drying off the infant is a common nursing intervention after birth to prevent heat loss, but it does not directly explain how a baby initiates respirations. Option C) An increase in the PO2 and a decrease in the PCO2 may be true after birth, but it does not fully capture the complex interplay of factors that initiate breathing in a newborn. Option D) The continued functioning of the foramen ovale is related to fetal circulation and not directly relevant to the initiation of respirations in a newborn. In an educational context, understanding the factors that initiate respirations in a newborn is crucial for nurses caring for neonates. By grasping the physiological processes involved, nurses can provide appropriate support and interventions to ensure the baby transitions smoothly to extrauterine life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In response to increased oxygen levels, a physiologic change in the newborn is the dilation of pulmonary vessels. This response helps facilitate the transition to breathing air. The other options do not accurately reflect the physiologic change associated with increased oxygen levels in the newborn.