ATI RN
Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse understands that an anaphylactic reaction is considered which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An anaphylactic reaction is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. In Type I hypersensitivity, the immune system produces IgE antibodies in response to an allergen, leading to the release of various inflammatory mediators like histamine. This immediate systemic reaction can cause symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. These reactions occur quickly, typically within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that warrants immediate intervention with epinephrine and supportive care.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse encourages a client with an immunologic disorder to eat a nutritionally balanced diet to promote optimal immunologic function. Autoimmunity has been linked to excessive ingestion of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Excessive ingestion of fat has been linked to autoimmunity. A diet high in saturated and trans fats can lead to chronic inflammation and disrupt the balance of immune cells, potentially triggering autoimmune responses in the body. Conversely, a nutritionally balanced diet that includes healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids from sources such as fish, nuts, and seeds can help support optimal immunologic function and reduce the risk of autoimmune disorders.
Question 3 of 5
A client takes prednisone (Deltasone), as prescribed, for rheumatoid arthritis. During follow-up visits, the nurse should assess the client for common adverse reactions to this drug, such as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prednisone, or Deltasone, is a corticosteroid medication commonly prescribed for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. One of the common adverse reactions to corticosteroids like prednisone is fluid retention and weight gain. This can occur due to the drug's effect on sodium and water retention in the body, leading to edema and increased body weight. Monitoring for signs of fluid retention, such as swelling in the extremities, and weight changes is important during follow-up visits to ensure the client's well-being and to address any concerns promptly. Tetany and tremors (choice A) are not typically associated with prednisone use, and anorexia and weight loss (choice C) are not common adverse reactions but rather less common side effects of prednisone.
Question 4 of 5
A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Safer sex practices for persons with HIV involve using condoms consistently and correctly during every sexual encounter to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to partners, regardless of their HIV status. Spermicide, while offering additional protection against pregnancies, does not provide additional protection against HIV transmission. Other contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are not effective in preventing HIV transmission. The intrauterine device is also not specifically recommended for clients with HIV as it does not provide protection against HIV transmission during sexual activities.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following blood types would the nurse identify as the rarest?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood type AB is the rarest of all the blood types. This is because individuals with AB blood type have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making it less common than other blood types. In the ABO blood group system, the distribution of blood types in the general population is approximately 45% type O, 40% type A, 11% type B, and only about 4% type AB. Therefore, blood type AB would be identified as the rarest in the given options.