ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse understands renal function when stating
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine promotion helps to clear K+ because the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products, including potassium, from the blood and excreting them in urine. By promoting urine production, the kidneys remove excess potassium, maintaining a healthy balance. This is especially important in renal failure, where potassium clearance is impaired, contrary to option C.
Question 2 of 5
Trousseaus is understood by the nurse when stating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trousseaus refers to a phenomenon where a patient experiences carpal spasm or dorsiflexion of the hand when their blood pressure is taken. This is a sign of hypocalcemia or low levels of calcium in the blood. The muscles in the hand contract involuntarily due to the excitability of the nerves caused by the low calcium levels.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would be a sign of fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased urine output. Fluid volume deficit, or dehydration, leads to decreased fluid intake or increased fluid loss. This results in reduced urine output as the body tries to conserve water. Decreased heart rate (A) is not a specific sign of dehydration. Increased skin turgor (C) is a sign of dehydration but not as specific as decreased urine output. Increased blood pressure (D) is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit; in fact, it may be decreased in severe cases due to reduced blood volume.
Question 4 of 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Prolonged vomiting leads to loss of potassium through the stomach, causing low potassium levels. This can result in muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and other serious complications. A: Hypocalcemia is not typically associated with vomiting but can occur in conditions like hypoparathyroidism. C: Hyperkalemia is less likely with vomiting as potassium is lost. D: Hyponatremia can occur in severe cases of vomiting, but hypokalemia is more common due to the specific loss of potassium.
Question 5 of 5
Which condition can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Excessive vomiting. Vomiting causes loss of stomach acid and chloride ions, leading to an increase in bicarbonate concentration and resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Diarrhea (choice A) causes loss of bicarbonate and can lead to metabolic acidosis. Hyperventilation (choice C) can cause respiratory alkalosis by blowing off too much carbon dioxide. Hypoventilation (choice D) can cause respiratory acidosis by retaining too much carbon dioxide.