ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse teaches the client about the difference between oral and nasal decongestants. The nurse evaluates that learning has been effective when the client makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral decongestants risk hypertension , unlike nasal ones, showing effective learning. Nasal use beyond days causes rebound. Only nasal causes rebound . Efficacy varies. A reflects key differences, making it the best statement.
Question 2 of 5
Which antipsychotic agent has been most associated with significant QT interval prolongation and should be used with caution in patients with preexisting arrhythmias or patients taking other drugs associated with QT prolongation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thioridazine, a first-generation antipsychotic, potently blocks potassium channels, prolonging QT intervals and risking torsades de pointes, especially in patients with arrhythmias or on QT-prolonging drugs. This led to restricted use. Risperidone, asenapine, and lurasidone, second-generation agents, have milder QT effects. Aripiprazole is minimal. Thioridazine's strong association, evidenced by black box warnings, demands caution, making it the standout risk here.
Question 3 of 5
Nurse Bryan knows that the age group that uses the most units of blood and blood products is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Premature infants, especially those born very premature or with health complications, often require blood transfusions due to their underdeveloped organs and medical conditions. Their small size and medical fragility make them the age group that typically uses the most units of blood and blood products. This high demand for blood products is necessary to support their growth, development, and overall health. Conversely, while individuals in other age groups may also require blood transfusions, premature infants have specific and ongoing needs that often result in a greater overall use of blood and blood products in this age group.
Question 4 of 5
A 59-year-old man with a long history of cardiac arrhythmia is maintained on procainamide. He presents to his primary care physician complaining of malaise, fevers, and nausea. Physical examination reveals a bilateral malar rash with erythema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Procainamide can induce a lupus-like syndrome . Symptoms (malaise, fever, nausea) and malar rash mimic SLE, a known side effect due to drug-induced autoantibodies. Contact dermatitis lacks systemic features. Sun reaction or discoid lupus don't fit the drug link. Collagen disease (E) is vague. This reversible syndrome resolves with discontinuation, distinguishing it from primary lupus.
Question 5 of 5
The following drugs have an elimination half-life of less than 4 hours in a healthy adult:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dopamine has a short half-life due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidases and catechol-O-methyltransferase, while others have longer half-lives.