ATI RN
Test Bank Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse teaches a patient taking amphotericin B to report which signs and symptoms to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication that can cause nephrotoxicity, leading to decreased urine output and renal impairment. Patients should be instructed to report any changes in urinary output promptly. Changes in sight and hearing are not typical adverse effects of amphotericin B. A painful red rash and blisters may indicate an allergic reaction but are less common than nephrotoxicity.
Question 2 of 5
A child is receiving methylphenidate. The mother tells the nurse the patient is having trouble sleeping while on the medication. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methylphenidate, a stimulant used to treat ADHD, can cause insomnia if taken too late in the day. Administering the medication earlier in the day (before 4:00 pm) can help minimize sleep disturbances. Giving it at 8:00 pm (B) would worsen insomnia. Stopping the medication abruptly (C) is not recommended without consulting the healthcare provider. Diphenhydramine (D) is not a solution for stimulant-induced insomnia.
Question 3 of 5
The client is about to start the treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Before the administration of etanercept (Enbrel), it is important for the nurse to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Etanercept is administered via injection, and some formulations may contain latex in the packaging or delivery system. Assessing for a latex allergy is crucial to prevent allergic reactions. While vaccinations and travel plans are important considerations, they are not as critical as ensuring the client's safety regarding potential allergens. Avoiding people who recently received etanercept is not a standard precaution.
Question 4 of 5
A 25-year-old woman suffers a bee sting and within a few minutes she notices a blotchy rash appearing on her body. She is taken to A&E where her BP is 90/60 mmHg. The most appropriate immediate therapy would be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylaxis (rash, hypotension) post-bee sting needs urgent reversal. Oral antihistamine is too slow for systemic shock. IV adrenaline (1:10000) suits cardiac arrest, not initial anaphylaxis. IV hydrocortisone acts slowly, supporting later. IM adrenaline (0.5 mL 1:1000, 0.5 mg) rapidly reverses bronchospasm and hypotension via alpha/beta agonism, the immediate therapy per guidelines. Salbutamol targets asthma, not shock. IM adrenaline's speed saves lives in anaphylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is aware that efficient absorption of calcium is assisted by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium absorption in the small intestine relies heavily on vitamin D, which enhances the process by increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins and improving gut uptake efficiency. Without adequate vitamin D, calcium absorption drops significantly, leading to potential bone health issues like osteoporosis or osteomalacia. Intrinsic factor, produced in the stomach, is critical for vitamin B12 absorption, not calcium, as it binds B12 for uptake in the ileum. Coenzymes, while involved in metabolic reactions, don't directly facilitate calcium absorption; their role is broader and unrelated to this specific process. Phosphorus, an abundant mineral, works with calcium in bone formation but doesn't enhance its absorption-in fact, excessive phosphorus can compete with calcium. Vitamin D's active form, calcitriol, regulates calcium levels by promoting its transport across intestinal cells, making it indispensable for maintaining skeletal integrity. This mechanism underscores why vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium utilization, distinguishing it from the other options, which lack a direct link to absorption efficiency.