The nurse teaches a diabetic client that diet plays a crucial role in managing diabetes mellitus. When evaluating dietary intake, the nurse knows the client is eating the right foods if total daily caloric intake consists of:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In managing diabetes mellitus, one of the key principles is proper macronutrient distribution in the diet. The recommended dietary intake for a diabetic client typically includes a moderate amount of carbohydrates (30% to 35% of total calories) in order to help control blood sugar levels. Including higher amounts of fat (around 40%) can be beneficial in managing this condition as well. Adequate protein intake (25% to 30%) is also important for overall health and satiety. This balanced macronutrient distribution helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, supporting optimal diabetes management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms of myxedema, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism, include lethargy, weight gain, slow speech, and decreased respiratory rate. Aling Maria being a 58-year old female who was admitted for the third time because of myxedema would likely present with these symptoms upon assessment by Nurse Mida. Other common symptoms of myxedema include cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and brittle nails. It is important for Nurse Mida to identify these symptoms during the initial assessment to provide appropriate care and management for Aling Maria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Option B, "I will not eat anything after 12 pm the night before my operation, but I sure can drink," indicates that the client understands and is knowledgeable about the pre-operative fasting guidelines. It is crucial for patients to have an empty stomach before surgery to prevent complications related to anesthesia, such as aspiration pneumonia. This statement shows that Mr. Sy is well-informed and compliant with this important pre-operative instruction. Options A, C, and D do not directly demonstrate specific knowledge regarding the surgery preparations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurse Norma's discharge teaching for Mr. Aurelio, diagnosed with heart failure, should stress the significance of obtaining daily weights at the same time. Daily weights help monitor fluid retention, a key indicator of worsening heart failure. Sudden weight gain may signal fluid buildup in the body, while weight loss may indicate dehydration or treatment effectiveness. By obtaining daily weights at the same time each day, Mr. Aurelio can track changes and provide valuable information for his healthcare team to adjust his treatment plan accordingly. This practice is crucial in managing heart failure and preventing exacerbations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a post-operative patient, sudden chest heaviness can be a sign of various complications, such as a pulmonary embolism or cardiac issue. One of the immediate nursing interventions for a patient complaining of chest heaviness is to ensure adequate oxygenation. Administering oxygen via a face mask can help improve oxygenation and provide relief while further assessments are being done to determine the cause of the symptom. This intervention takes priority over documenting the symptom, offering analgesics, or informing the physician, as addressing the patient's oxygen needs is crucial in this situation.