The nurse teaches a class on pregnancy to clients in their first trimester. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the clients make which statements?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Ovulation is caused by a surge of luteinizing hormone. This statement is accurate because during the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone (LH) surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the follicle in the ovary, leading to ovulation. This is a critical concept to understand in the context of pregnancy as timing intercourse around ovulation is important for conception. Option A is incorrect because ovulation typically occurs around Day 14 of the menstrual cycle, not on Day 21. Option C is incorrect as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced after implantation of the fertilized egg, not before ovulation. Option D is incorrect because follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in stimulating the development of ovarian follicles but not in triggering ovulation. Understanding the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle is essential for individuals planning a pregnancy or seeking contraception. Knowing the role of each hormone helps in making informed decisions about fertility awareness methods or hormonal contraceptives. It also enables healthcare providers to offer accurate information and support to individuals at various stages of their reproductive lifespan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rapid, alternating hand movements test cerebellar functioning, specifically coordination and fine motor control, as the cerebellum regulates these actions. Cognitive functioning involves memory and reasoning, reflex arcs assess nerve pathways, and stereognosis tests sensory recognition, none of which are directly evaluated by this task.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct test to order for the patient who had a total gastrectomy and is presenting with symptoms of a sore mouth, indigestion, and tingling in the lower extremities is a Complete Blood Count (CBC), which is option B. A CBC is a routine test that provides important information about the types and numbers of cells in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In this case, the symptoms described by the patient could be indicative of potential nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia or vitamin deficiencies, which can be detected through abnormalities in the CBC results. Option A, a Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level, is primarily used to assess kidney function and would not directly provide information related to the symptoms described by the patient. Option C, a Liver Function Study, is more focused on assessing liver health and would not be the most appropriate test given the patient's symptoms. Educationally, by understanding the rationale behind selecting a CBC in this case, healthcare providers can learn to correlate patient symptoms with appropriate diagnostic tests, enhancing their clinical reasoning skills and ability to provide effective patient care. It also highlights the importance of considering nutritional deficiencies in patients who have undergone procedures like a total gastrectomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Giving 'hot' foods to counteract a 'cold' illness. The Taoist philosophy of yin and yang emphasizes balance and harmony between opposing forces. In this context, 'hot' foods are believed to balance a 'cold' illness by restoring harmony in the body's energy. Option A, applying a heated glass to draw out infection, is a practice more aligned with traditional Chinese medicine than Taoist philosophy. Option B, burning incense to drive away evil spirits, pertains more to spiritual beliefs rather than balancing energies within the body. Option D, using an onion to eradicate a fever, lacks a direct connection to the principles of yin and yang or Taoist healing practices. Educationally, understanding cultural and philosophical beliefs related to health and healing is crucial for healthcare providers to deliver culturally competent care. By recognizing the influence of Taoist principles, healthcare professionals can better communicate with patients and families who adhere to these beliefs, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) sharply dorsiflexing and maintaining the foot in this position, while supporting the knee. This action elicits ankle clonus, a series of abnormal reflex movements in response to sudden stretch of the muscle. Ankle clonus is characterized by rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the calf muscle when the foot is quickly dorsiflexed. This assessment technique helps the nurse practitioner to evaluate the integrity of the reflex arc and assess for any neurological abnormalities. Option A) applying a low-pitched tuning fork firmly to the lateral malleolus is incorrect as this is a method used to assess vibration sense, not ankle clonus. Option C) striking the Achilles tendon with the percussion hammer after flexing the leg at the knee and rotating it externally is incorrect as this elicits the Achilles reflex, not ankle clonus. Option D) stroking the lateral aspect of the sole with the sharp end of the percussion hammer from the heel to the ball of the foot is incorrect as this elicits the plantar reflex, not ankle clonus. Understanding how to correctly assess for ankle clonus is essential for healthcare providers, especially those working with geriatric populations who may be more prone to neurological issues. By knowing the correct technique, practitioners can accurately assess their patients and provide appropriate interventions if needed.