The nurse takes vital signs (VS) of a new hospital client admitted for severe abdominal pain. Which step of the nursing process is this nurse performing?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. In the nursing process, assessment is the first step, involving collecting data to identify the client's health status and needs. When the nurse takes vital signs for a new client with severe abdominal pain, they are gathering crucial data to understand the client's current physiological state. This data is essential for developing an appropriate care plan. Planning (B) involves setting goals and outcomes based on the assessment findings, Implementation (C) is the actual execution of the care plan, and Evaluation (D) is the ongoing process of assessing the client's response to interventions. In this scenario, the nurse is in the initial stage of data collection, aligning with the assessment phase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oral. This route involves administering medication through the mouth. It is a common and convenient method for most medications. Otic (choice B) is for ear medications, not oral. Nares (choice C) is for nose medications, not oral. Buccal (choice D) is for medications placed between the cheek and gum, not solely oral. Oral administration is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to medication given through the mouth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quantitative. In this scenario, the program chairperson is collecting numerical data (number of nursing students working in clinical setting), which is characteristic of quantitative research. This method focuses on quantifying variables to analyze patterns and relationships. Qualitative research (A) involves collecting non-numerical data to understand experiences and perspectives. Meta-analysis (C) involves synthesizing results of multiple studies. Longitudinal (D) research tracks the same subjects over a period of time, which is not directly relevant to this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) expansion of nursing roles during World War II. This advancement in the nursing profession was a pivotal moment in history where nurses were called upon to take on new responsibilities and roles to meet the demands of the war effort. This expansion led to increased recognition of the value of nurses in various healthcare settings and paved the way for the evolution of nursing practice. Option B) establishment of the first nursing school is incorrect as this occurred much earlier in the history of nursing, with the first nursing school being established by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century. While this was a significant advancement, it did not specifically occur during the mid-twentieth century. Option C) embrace of EHRs and telehealth is also incorrect as these advancements occurred much later in the timeline of nursing history, with the widespread adoption of electronic health records and telehealth services taking place in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Option D) recognition of nurse practitioners as primary care providers is also incorrect as this advancement gained prominence in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century, rather than during the mid-twentieth century. Understanding the historical context of nursing advancements is crucial for nursing students as it allows them to appreciate the progress made in the profession and how these advancements have shaped modern nursing practice. By recognizing key milestones in nursing history, students can gain a deeper understanding of the profession's evolution and the contributions of nurses to healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the late twentieth century, a significant shift occurred in the development of nursing theories towards a proliferation of theories addressing various aspects of nursing, health, and care. This shift marked a period of diversification and expansion in nursing theory development, reflecting the evolving complexities of healthcare delivery and patient needs. Option A, a decline in the emphasis on evidence-based practice, is incorrect because, in reality, there was an increased emphasis on evidence-based practice during this period to ensure that nursing interventions were rooted in empirical evidence and best practices. Option B, a move toward task-oriented approaches, is incorrect as the trend in nursing theory development was moving away from merely task-oriented approaches towards holistic, patient-centered care models that encompassed the physical, psychological, and emotional needs of patients. Option C, a decrease in the importance of research integration, is incorrect because the late twentieth century saw a growing recognition of the critical role of research in shaping nursing practice and theory, leading to greater integration of research findings into nursing theory development. Understanding this historical context is crucial for nursing students as it provides insight into the evolution of nursing theory, emphasizing the importance of staying abreast of current trends and research to provide high-quality, evidence-based care to patients. It also highlights the dynamic nature of nursing practice, encouraging students to embrace innovation and diversity in their approach to patient care.