The nurse takes vital signs (VS) of a new hospital client admitted for severe abdominal pain. Which step of the nursing process is this nurse performing?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. In the nursing process, assessment is the first step, involving collecting data to identify the client's health status and needs. When the nurse takes vital signs for a new client with severe abdominal pain, they are gathering crucial data to understand the client's current physiological state. This data is essential for developing an appropriate care plan. Planning (B) involves setting goals and outcomes based on the assessment findings, Implementation (C) is the actual execution of the care plan, and Evaluation (D) is the ongoing process of assessing the client's response to interventions. In this scenario, the nurse is in the initial stage of data collection, aligning with the assessment phase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oral. This route involves administering medication through the mouth. It is a common and convenient method for most medications. Otic (choice B) is for ear medications, not oral. Nares (choice C) is for nose medications, not oral. Buccal (choice D) is for medications placed between the cheek and gum, not solely oral. Oral administration is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to medication given through the mouth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quantitative. In this scenario, the program chairperson is collecting numerical data (number of nursing students working in clinical setting), which is characteristic of quantitative research. This method focuses on quantifying variables to analyze patterns and relationships. Qualitative research (A) involves collecting non-numerical data to understand experiences and perspectives. Meta-analysis (C) involves synthesizing results of multiple studies. Longitudinal (D) research tracks the same subjects over a period of time, which is not directly relevant to this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The mid-twentieth century saw significant expansion of nursing roles during World War II due to increased demand for healthcare services, marking a key advancement in the profession.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The late twentieth century saw a proliferation of nursing theories addressing diverse aspects of care, reflecting increased complexity in the field.