The nurse suspects that a child has ingested some type of poison. What clinical manifestation would be most suggestive that the poison was a corrosive product?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Edema of the lips, tongue, and pharynx. This clinical manifestation is most suggestive of ingestion of a corrosive product because corrosive substances can cause significant swelling and edema of the mucous membranes they come into contact with. This is a localized reaction that occurs due to the corrosive nature of the substance damaging the tissues. Option A) Tinnitus, and Option B) Disorientation are not typical clinical manifestations associated with ingestion of corrosive products. Tinnitus is a ringing in the ears and is not directly related to corrosive ingestion. Disorientation can be a symptom of poisoning, but it is not specific to corrosive substances. Option C) Stupor, lethargy, and coma are more commonly associated with central nervous system depressants or toxins affecting the brain rather than corrosive substances which primarily cause local tissue damage. In an educational context, understanding the specific clinical manifestations of different types of poisonings is crucial for nurses caring for children. Recognizing the signs of corrosive ingestion can prompt swift and appropriate intervention to prevent further damage and improve outcomes for the child. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the effects of various toxins to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Mixing with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container with a straw. Activated charcoal is used to absorb toxins in cases of poisoning. Mixing it with a flavorful beverage helps mask the taste of charcoal, making it more palatable for the child to ingest. Using an opaque container prevents the child from seeing the black color of the charcoal, which may be off-putting. Offering a straw can also help the child drink the mixture more easily. Option A is incorrect because activated charcoal should be given all at once, not divided into two doses. Delaying administration could reduce its effectiveness in absorbing the aspirin. Option C is incorrect because the sight of the black mixture may deter the child from drinking it, leading to potential non-compliance. Option D is incorrect because using a nasogastric tube should be a last resort and is not necessary in this case where the child is awake and alert and capable of drinking the charcoal mixture. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the proper administration of medications and treatments in pediatric patients. By making the charcoal mixture more palatable and visually appealing, nurses can improve compliance and ensure the child receives the full therapeutic benefit of the treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take next after initiating CPR for a child suspected of ingesting poison is to call poison control (Option D). This is the most crucial step as poison control experts are specifically trained to provide immediate and accurate guidance on managing poison exposures. In cases of poisoning, time is of the essence, and getting expert advice promptly can save the child's life. Option A, emptying the mouth of pills, plants, or other material, is incorrect because it can potentially lead to further harm if done incorrectly. It is crucial to avoid inducing vomiting in cases of poisoning without proper guidance. Option B, questioning the victim and witness, is not the priority at this moment. The immediate focus should be on ensuring the child's safety and obtaining expert advice. Option C, placing the child in a side-lying position, is a general first aid measure for an unconscious child but is not the next step to take after initiating CPR for a suspected poisoning. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to be well-versed in the correct steps to take in emergencies such as poisoning. Understanding the importance of seeking expert advice from poison control centers can help nurses provide efficient and effective care to pediatric patients in critical situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of acetaminophen poisoning, the correct antidote that the nurse should anticipate being prescribed is N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose as it helps replenish glutathione levels in the liver, which aids in neutralizing the toxic metabolites of acetaminophen. Option A) Carnitine (Carnitor) is used in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders and is not indicated for acetaminophen poisoning. Option B) Fomepizole (Antizol) is used in the treatment of ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning, not acetaminophen poisoning. Option C) Deferoxamine (Desferal) is used in iron poisoning, not acetaminophen poisoning. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific antidotes for different types of poisonings to provide timely and effective care to patients. Knowing the correct antidote for acetaminophen poisoning is essential as it can prevent serious liver damage and even save a patient's life. Nurses should be familiar with the indications, contraindications, and administration of antidotes to ensure safe and competent care for patients in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of a child with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) poisoning being admitted to the emergency department, the early clinical manifestation that the nurse would expect to assess is hyperventilation. This is because aspirin poisoning can lead to respiratory alkalosis, causing the child to hyperventilate as a compensatory mechanism to try to normalize the blood pH. Option A) Hematemesis, vomiting blood, is not typically an early clinical manifestation of aspirin poisoning. It may occur later in severe cases due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Option B) Hematochezia, the passage of fresh blood through the rectum, is also not an early sign of aspirin poisoning. It may occur in advanced stages if there is gastrointestinal bleeding. Option C) Hyperglycemia is not a typical early clinical manifestation of aspirin poisoning. Aspirin poisoning is more likely to cause metabolic acidosis rather than hyperglycemia. Educational Context: Understanding the clinical manifestations of aspirin poisoning is crucial for nurses caring for children. Early identification of symptoms like hyperventilation can prompt swift interventions and prevent further complications. Aspirin poisoning can be serious, so prompt recognition and management are essential for improving patient outcomes.