The nurse should note how long the interval between contractions lasts because:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Option A is incorrect because the interval between contractions is not related to maternal cells restoring their glucose levels. Glucose levels are important for maternal health but are not directly impacted by the timing of contractions. Option B is incorrect because a very short interval between contractions may indicate a more intense labor pattern but does not necessarily require earlier administration of analgesia. Pain management decisions should be based on the woman's individual pain tolerance and overall labor progress rather than just the timing of contractions. Option D is incorrect because the interval between contractions does not necessarily become longer as cervical dilation increases. The duration of contractions may vary depending on various factors such as the stage of labor, position of the baby, and maternal comfort level. The correct answer is C because the interval between contractions is an important time for the exchange of fetal oxygen and waste products. During the interval, the baby has a brief period of rest and recovery before the next contraction begins. This allows for proper oxygenation of the baby and removal of waste products, helping to ensure the baby's well-being during labor. Monitoring the length of the interval between contractions can provide valuable information about the baby's response to labor and help guide clinical decision-making.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The active phase of labor is defined as the phase in which cervical dilation progresses more rapidly. According to ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists), the active phase of labor begins when the cervix is dilated to 6 cm. Choice B (3 cm) is incorrect because 3 cm dilation is typically considered to be in the early phase of labor, where contractions are usually less intense and frequent compared to the active phase. Choice C (5 cm) is incorrect because while 5 cm dilation is closer to the active phase, it is still considered to be in the early phase of labor. The active phase is characterized by more rapid dilation and stronger, more frequent contractions. Choice D (10 cm) is incorrect because 10 cm dilation marks the end of the active phase and the beginning of the second stage of labor, where the woman is fully dilated and can begin pushing. Therefore, the correct answer is A (6 cm) because this is the point at which the active phase of labor officially begins, as defined by ACOG.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the fourth stage of labor, which is the period immediately after the baby is born, it is crucial for the nurse to support the patient in various ways. Option D is the correct choice because it encompasses the key components of care needed during this stage. Firstly, providing rest, space, and time for bonding between assessments is essential during the fourth stage of labor. This allows the mother to recover from the intensity of labor and delivery, bond with her newborn, and begin the initial breastfeeding process. This time is crucial for the mother to rest and regain strength after the physically demanding process of labor. Additionally, supporting the mother's feeding preferences is important during this stage. Whether the mother chooses to breastfeed or bottle-feed, the nurse should provide guidance and support to ensure successful feeding for both the mother and baby. This support can include education on proper feeding techniques, assistance with latching, and addressing any concerns or challenges that may arise. Furthermore, diligent monitoring for complications is crucial during the fourth stage of labor. The nurse should closely observe the mother for any signs of postpartum hemorrhage, infection, or other potential complications. Early recognition and intervention can prevent serious complications and promote optimal recovery for the mother. Lastly, pain management is an important aspect of care during the fourth stage of labor. The nurse should assess the mother's pain levels and provide appropriate pain relief measures as needed. This can include administering pain medication, providing comfort measures, and ensuring the mother's overall comfort and well-being. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: Option A is incorrect because providing feedback on pushing efforts is more relevant during the second stage of labor when the mother is actively pushing to deliver the baby, not during the fourth stage. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on interventions that are more appropriate for the first and second stages of labor, such as ensuring adequate pain control with epidural anesthesia and repositioning the mother frequently. Option C is incorrect because assessing for bleeding or amniotic fluid presence in the vaginal discharge is more relevant during the immediate postpartum period to monitor for potential complications, not specifically during the fourth stage of labor. In conclusion, option D is the correct choice as it encompasses the essential aspects of care needed to support the mother during the fourth stage of labor, promoting optimal recovery and well-being for both the mother and baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During the third stage of labor, the birthing person will experience the expulsion of the placenta. Choice A is incorrect because the fetus is already delivered during the second stage of labor, not the third stage. Choice B is correct because the birthing person will indeed experience cramping, a gush of fresh vaginal bleeding, and lengthening of the umbilical cord during the third stage of labor. The cramping is caused by the uterus contracting to expel the placenta, the gush of fresh vaginal bleeding is due to the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, and the lengthening of the umbilical cord occurs as the placenta is delivered. Choice C is incorrect because dyspnea, which refers to difficulty breathing, is not a common symptom experienced during the third stage of labor. Choice D is incorrect because increased blood pressure and pain due to expulsive efforts are more commonly associated with the first and second stages of labor, not the third stage when the placenta is being delivered. In conclusion, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes what the birthing person may experience during the third stage of labor, while the other choices do not accurately reflect this stage of labor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anticipatory guidance for new parents is essential to help them navigate the sociologic changes that come with having a newborn. Choice A, explaining that roles will not change at home, is incorrect because the arrival of a new baby often necessitates a redistribution of responsibilities and roles within the household. This can lead to significant changes in dynamics which the nurse should prepare the parents for. Choice B, explaining that stresses will be over now that the newborn is born, is also incorrect. In reality, the stresses of parenthood often increase after the baby is born as parents adjust to the demands of caring for a newborn. It is important for parents to be aware of and prepared for these potential stressors. Choice C, telling the parents not to stress over household changes, is not the best approach. While it is important to reassure parents and provide support, dismissing potential stressors related to household changes can leave parents feeling unprepared and overwhelmed when these changes do occur. The correct answer is D, preparing new parents for possible strains on relationships. The arrival of a new baby can put strain on relationships due to changes in roles, responsibilities, sleep deprivation, and overall adjustment to parenthood. By providing anticipatory guidance on this topic, the nurse can help parents navigate these challenges and maintain a healthy relationship during this transition period.