ATI RN
NCLEX Questions on Oxygenation and Perfusion Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse reviews discharge instructions for a patient with newly diagnosed COPD. Which statement by the patient indicates effective teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because eating smaller meals helps prevent feeling too full, which can worsen breathing difficulties in COPD patients. Step 1: COPD patients often experience shortness of breath, especially when the stomach is full. Step 2: Eating smaller meals can help reduce the pressure on the diaphragm and lungs, making breathing easier. Step 3: This demonstrates the patient's understanding of how diet can impact their respiratory symptoms. Incorrect choices: A: Avoiding physical activity can lead to physical deconditioning, worsening COPD symptoms. C: Using a rescue inhaler before meals is not a standard practice for COPD management. D: Increasing oxygen flow rate without medical guidance can be dangerous and ineffective in managing COPD.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with acute respiratory distress. What assessment finding is the priority to report?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxygen saturation of 86% on room air. This is the priority finding to report because it indicates severe hypoxemia, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention to prevent tissue damage and organ failure. Oxygen saturation should ideally be above 90%. Choice B (Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute) is important but not as critical as severe hypoxemia. Choice C (Heart rate of 102 beats per minute) may be a compensatory response to hypoxemia, and while important, it is not as urgent as addressing the low oxygen saturation. Choice D (Blood pressure of 140/92 mm Hg) is within normal range and does not indicate immediate danger compared to severe hypoxemia.
Question 3 of 5
The health care provider writes an order for bacteriologic testing for a patient who has a positive tuberculosis skin test. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bacteriologic testing for tuberculosis involves blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. The nurse should teach the patient about the reason for these blood tests to ensure understanding and cooperation. Option B is incorrect because a chest x-ray is not the appropriate test for bacteriologic testing. Option C is incorrect as it refers to collecting specimens for other types of tests, not bacteriologic testing. Option D is incorrect because sputum specimens are not typically used for bacteriologic testing for tuberculosis.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with a history of heart failure is experiencing shortness of breath. What is the priority intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer supplemental oxygen. In a patient with heart failure experiencing shortness of breath, the priority intervention is to improve oxygenation. Supplemental oxygen helps increase oxygen levels and alleviate respiratory distress. This is crucial to prevent further deterioration and potential complications. Administering a diuretic (B) would help with fluid overload but does not address the immediate need for oxygen. Administering an IV analgesic (C) is not indicated for shortness of breath in heart failure. Administering a vasodilator (D) may worsen the condition by decreasing blood pressure and cardiac output.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). What is the priority nursing action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, administer rifampin. The priority in caring for a patient with TB is to start anti-TB medications promptly to prevent the spread of the infection. Rifampin is one of the first-line drugs used to treat TB. Administering a PPD test (A) is important for diagnosis but not the priority at this moment. Administering an injectable antihistamine (C) is not indicated for TB treatment. Administering oxygen therapy (D) may be necessary based on the patient's condition but treating the underlying infection with rifampin takes precedence.