The nurse responsible for completing the medical history during a couple's initial visit to the reproductive medicine clinic recognizes which condition as the leading cause of tubal factor infertility in females?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, causing tubal factor infertility. Step 1: Identify common causes of tubal factor infertility. Step 2: Understand that PID is a major risk factor for tubal damage. Step 3: Recognize the importance of medical history in identifying underlying conditions. Other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to tubal factor infertility. Endometriosis (A) can affect fertility but is not the leading cause of tubal factor infertility. Ectopic pregnancy (C) and Asherman's syndrome (D) can impact fertility differently but are not the primary cause of tubal factor infertility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses Lisa's concerns about fertility in a comprehensive and logical manner. Firstly, it acknowledges the potential impact of aging and extreme exercise on fertility, which is important considering Lisa's age and marathon running. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of discussing her concerns with her healthcare provider during the visit, ensuring a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance. This response shows understanding of the possible factors contributing to her irregular menses and infertility concerns. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: "Relax and it will happen" is dismissive and lacks medical advice or addressing potential underlying causes of infertility. B: "No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse" provides a definition of infertility but does not offer practical advice or address Lisa's specific situation. D: "Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving" assumes exercise is the sole factor affecting fertility and oversimplifies the issue without considering other potential causes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should be supportive, answer questions, and clarify information and options to help the couple make informed decisions. This approach shows empathy and respect for the couple's autonomy. Choice B is incorrect as it is not the nurse's role to dictate when the parents should disclose the information. Choice C is not the best option as the nurse should continue to provide support rather than immediately referring the couple for a second opinion. Choice D is incorrect because generalizing outcomes for all parents of children with Down syndrome may not be helpful or accurate for this specific couple.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly. The correct answer is D (46 X) for Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is characterized by a missing or partially missing X chromosome in females. Therefore, a karyotype of 45,X or 46,X would indicate Turner syndrome. Choice A (46 XY) is a normal male karyotype, B (46 YY) is not a valid karyotype, and C (46 XX) is a normal female karyotype.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the uncertainty in diagnosing infertility, which can remain unexplained in about 20% of couples even after testing. This response is the best because it provides realistic information without giving false hope or making assumptions. Choice A is incorrect because it asserts that the tests will definitely identify the problem, which is not always the case. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the problem will be resolved after testing, which may not be true. Choice D is incorrect as it jumps to the conclusion of adoption without addressing the uncertainty of infertility testing.