ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the buffer, the respiratory system, and the _____.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. They help maintain the body's pH within a normal range. The other choices, A: Lungs, primarily regulate carbon dioxide levels through respiration, while B: Stomach is not directly involved in acid-base balance. D: Brain does not directly participate in compensating for acid-base imbalances.
Question 2 of 5
Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is typically caused by obstruction of urine flow, leading to back pressure in the kidneys. This obstruction can be due to conditions like kidney stones or tumors. Choices B and C refer to pre-renal causes that affect renal blood flow, not obstruct urine flow. Choice D refers to intrinsic renal causes, not postrenal obstruction. Hence, A is the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The patient has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio. These levels most likely indicate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elevated BUN and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio suggest a pre-renal cause, indicating decreased renal perfusion. This is consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI) such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In ATN, there is damage to the renal tubules leading to impaired filtration and elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Hypovolemia and fluid resuscitation would typically result in a high BUN/creatinine ratio due to altered reabsorption. Increased nitrogen intake would not lead to elevated creatinine levels. Therefore, choice B is correct as it aligns with the presentation of elevated BUN and creatinine levels with a normal ratio.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is complaining of severe flank pain when he tries to urinate. His urinalysis shows sediment and crystals along with a few bacteria. Using this information along with the clinical picture, the nurse realizes that the patient's condition is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: postrenal. The patient's symptoms of severe flank pain while trying to urinate, along with sediment and crystals in the urine, suggest a urinary tract obstruction (postrenal). This obstruction is likely causing the patient's pain and urinary symptoms. A: prerenal refers to issues before the kidneys, such as decreased blood flow. C: intrarenal refers to issues within the kidneys, like infection or inflammation. D: not renal related is incorrect as the symptoms clearly point to a renal issue. In summary, based on the clinical presentation and urinalysis findings, a postrenal cause is most likely the reason for the patient's symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
The patient's potassium level is 7.0 mEq/L. Besides dialysis, which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate. It works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, reducing plasma potassium levels. Step 1: Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally or rectally. Step 2: It binds with potassium in the gut, leading to fecal elimination. Step 3: This process helps lower both plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol can cause intestinal necrosis. C: Regular insulin temporarily shifts potassium into cells but doesn't reduce total body potassium. D: Calcium gluconate only stabilizes cardiac membrane potential without reducing potassium levels.