ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse recognizes that when a patient takes a hepatic enzyme inducer, the dose of warfarin is usually modified in which way?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: It remains the same. Hepatic enzyme inducers can increase the metabolism of warfarin, leading to decreased levels. However, the dose adjustment is usually not necessary because the international normalized ratio (INR) can be monitored and the warfarin dose can be adjusted accordingly to maintain therapeutic levels. Increasing or decreasing the dose preemptively without INR monitoring can lead to adverse effects. Choice A is incorrect because increasing the dose can lead to over-anticoagulation. Choice B is incorrect as decreasing the dose can result in under-anticoagulation. Choice D is incorrect as the effect of hepatic enzyme inducers on warfarin metabolism is predictable, but the dose adjustment is based on INR monitoring.
Question 2 of 5
Labeling of herbal products is important. Which is an appropriate claim for an herbal product?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Helps increase blood flow to the extremities. This claim is appropriate because herbal products can indeed have vasodilatory effects that promote better blood circulation, potentially benefiting extremities. Choices A, C, and D make absolute claims that cannot be substantiated or guaranteed, making them inappropriate for labeling herbal products. Choice A oversimplifies the potential benefits and risks associated with diabetes prevention. Choice C falsely claims a cure for a complex and incurable condition like Alzheimer's disease. Choice D wrongly generalizes the safety of herbal products, as individual reactions can vary.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse caring for a child with developmental delay prepares to teach the patient about prescribed drugs. Which actions are essential to ensure patient safety? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the child’s developmental age. It is important to consider the child's developmental age to tailor the teaching approach to their level of understanding and communication abilities. This ensures that the child comprehends the information provided and can follow medication instructions. Assessing for side effects experienced by adults (B) may not be relevant as children may have different reactions. Considering the actions and uses of the drug (C) is important but not specific to ensuring patient safety. Focusing on the child’s chronological age (D) may not account for their developmental delays and specific needs.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing a patient’s list of drugs. The nurse understands that the older adult’s slower absorption of oral drugs is primarily because of which phenomenon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased gastric blood flow. In older adults, there is a decrease in gastric blood flow, which results in reduced absorption of oral drugs. This is due to age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the stomach. This slowed blood flow affects the delivery of drugs to the site of absorption, resulting in slower absorption rates. Incorrect choices: A: Decreased cardiac output - While decreased cardiac output can affect overall drug distribution in the body, it does not directly impact the absorption of oral drugs in the stomach. B: Increased gastric emptying time - This would result in faster absorption, not slower absorption. D: Increased gastric acid secretion - While excessive gastric acid secretion can affect drug absorption, it does not explain the slower absorption in older adults.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is developing teaching materials for an 82-year-old African American man with macular degeneration, who is being discharged on two new drugs. Which strategies would be best to use to impart the information? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Limiting distractions in the room is crucial for the elderly with impaired vision to focus on learning. Step 2: Macular degeneration affects visual acuity, making it essential to create an optimal learning environment. Step 3: Removing distractions enhances attention and retention of information. Step 4: Waiting until discharge is not ideal as it may lead to forgetfulness and lack of immediate clarification. Step 5: Augmenting teaching with audio material may not be effective if visual impairment affects hearing as well. Step 6: Using terms of familiarity like "Honey" may be inappropriate and disrespectful.