ATI RN
Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse provides medication instructions to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates best understanding of the medication therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Cimetidine (Tagamet) is an H2 receptor antagonist that decreases stomach acid production. 2. Peptic ulcer disease is often caused by excessive stomach acid. 3. By decreasing stomach acid, cimetidine helps to heal the ulcer and prevent further damage. 4. Understanding this mechanism of action demonstrates the client's comprehension of the medication therapy. Summary: B: Sucralfate does not change stomach fluid; it forms a protective barrier over the ulcer. C: Antacids neutralize stomach acid but do not coat the stomach. D: Omeprazole reduces stomach acid production, not coats the ulcer.
Question 2 of 5
The client with a new colostomy is concerned about the odor from stool from the ostomy drainage bag. The nurse teaches the client to include which of the following foods in the diet to reduce odor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Yogurt. Yogurt contains probiotics that help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, which can reduce the odor of stool in the ostomy drainage bag. Probiotics can also improve digestion and overall gut health. Broccoli (B) and eggs (D) can actually contribute to stronger odors due to their sulfur content. Cucumbers (C) are low in fiber and may not have a significant impact on stool odor.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse has inserted a nasogastric tube to the level of the oropharynx and has repositioned the client's head in a flexed-forward position. The client has been asked to begin swallowing. The nurse starts slowly to advance the nasogastric tube with each swallow. The client begins to cough, gag, and choke. Which nursing action would least likely result in proper tube insertion and promote client relaxation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. The client is experiencing coughing, gagging, and choking, indicating improper tube insertion. 2. Continuing to advance the tube can lead to further discomfort and potential complications. 3. Pulling the tube back slightly allows for reevaluation of placement and prevents further irritation. 4. Checking the back of the pharynx can identify any obstruction or incorrect placement. 5. Instructing the client to breathe slowly and take sips of water can help relax the client and facilitate proper insertion.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client who has a new colostomy. The nurse encourages the client to eat foods representing which of the following diets for the first 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Low-residue. After colostomy surgery, the bowel needs time to heal. A low-residue diet helps reduce the amount of undigested food passing through the colon, easing digestion and minimizing strain on the stoma. This diet typically includes easily digestible foods like white bread, rice, pasta, and well-cooked vegetables. High-protein (choice A) and high-carbohydrate (choice B) diets can be harder to digest and may cause discomfort. A low-calorie diet (choice C) is not necessary during the initial postoperative period when the focus should be on promoting healing and comfort.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to discontinue a client's nasogastric tube. The client is positioned properly, and the tube has been flushed with 15 mL of air to clear secretions. Before removing the tube, the nurse makes which statement to the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because instructing the client to take a deep breath and slowly exhale while the tube is being removed helps relax the client's throat muscles, making the removal process smoother and less uncomfortable. Taking a deep breath and holding it (choice D) could lead to increased tension and resistance, while bearing down (choice B) may cause the client to push against the tube, making the removal difficult. Instructing the client to breathe normally (choice A) doesn't provide specific guidance on how to facilitate the removal process.