The nurse provides care to older adults. What should the nurse recognize as being more likely to occur in an older adult than in a younger adult?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: More autoimmune disorders. As individuals age, the immune system weakens, leading to an increased risk of autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. This is more likely in older adults compared to younger adults. High fevers (choice A) are not more likely in older adults, as fever response tends to decrease with age. Fewer infections (choice B) are also less likely in older adults due to a weakened immune response. Greater antibody production (choice D) is not a characteristic of aging, as antibody production may decline with age.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: liquid water. Water is essential for all cellular functions, including metabolism and nutrient transport. Without water, microorganisms cannot grow or survive. Organic substances (choice B) are important as a nutrient source, but water is indispensable for growth. While oxygen (choice C) and warm temperatures (choice D) can enhance growth for some microorganisms, they are not universally required for all microorganisms to grow.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: carotenoids. Carotenoids are photosynthetic pigments that are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. They play a key role in capturing light energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll c, phycobilins, and phycocyanin are not found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. Chlorophyll c is primarily found in certain algae, phycobilins are specific to cyanobacteria and red algae, and phycocyanin is a type of phycobilin found in cyanobacteria. Carotenoids are the only pigment that is universally present across all photoautotrophs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autoimmune diseases. This is because autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues or organs. In this condition, the immune system fails to recognize self from non-self, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. A: Allergies involve an exaggerated immune response to harmless substances, not attacking self-tissues. B: Immunodeficiencies result in a weakened immune system, making it less effective at fighting infections, not attacking self-tissues. D: Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of immune response that occurs hours to days after exposure to an allergen, not involving the immune system attacking self-tissues. In summary, autoimmune diseases are characterized by the immune system targeting the body's own tissues or organs, distinguishing them from allergies, immunodeficiencies, and delayed hypersensitivity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smal. Smal is a restriction endonuclease that cuts DNA at specific sequences, producing fragments with blunt ends. Smal recognizes the sequence CCCGGG and cuts between the two C's on both strands, resulting in blunt-ended fragments. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Sacl - Sacl produces sticky ends, not blunt ends. B: EcoRI - EcoRI produces sticky ends with overhangs. D: HindIII - HindIII also produces sticky ends with overhangs. In summary, Smal is the only enzyme among the choices that generates DNA fragments with blunt ends.