The nurse prepares a care plan for the patient. Based on Ramona Mercer's becoming a mother (BAM) theory, which of the following statements fosters the process of becoming a mother?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ramona Mercer's becoming a mother (BAM) theory emphasizes the dynamic transformation and evolution of a woman's persona as she transitions into motherhood. This theory acknowledges that becoming a mother is a process involving significant changes in a woman's identity, roles, and relationships. It goes beyond just the physical aspects of giving birth and delves into the psychological, emotional, and social aspects of motherhood. Therefore, statement B aligns with the core principles of Mercer's BAM theory and fosters the understanding of the process of becoming a mother.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Grilled chicken breast is a suitable choice for a low-phosphorus diet because poultry is typically lower in phosphorus compared to dairy products (like cheese), nuts (like almonds), and whole grains (like wheat toast). This option indicates an understanding of the need to restrict phosphorus intake, which is important for individuals with chronic kidney disease to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In an educational program conducted by a nurse, it is crucial to involve the patient, their family, and significant others. This approach ensures holistic care by considering the patient's psychosocial environment, family dynamics, and support system. Including these individuals in the educational program fosters collaboration, strengthens the patient-nurse relationship, and equips family members with the knowledge and skills needed to provide optimal care at home. Furthermore, involving the patient's support system can enhance adherence to treatment plans and contribute to better health outcomes. Therefore, the presence and cooperation of the patient, family, and significant others are essential elements of a successful educational program led by a nurse.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A delimitation in a research study refers to setting specific boundaries or restrictions on the scope of the study. In this scenario, Gloria's decision to include only nurses with a minimum of three years experience as psychiatric nurses is a delimitation because it sets a specific criterion or boundary for the selection of participants. This helps to focus the study on a particular group of individuals who possess the required experience, ensuring the research is targeted and relevant to the topic being investigated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Zenker's diverticulum is a condition in which there is a pouch or sac that forms at the posterior pharyngeal wall above the upper esophageal sphincter. It can present with symptoms such as sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and odynophagia (painful swallowing). Flexible laryngoscopy can reveal a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is characteristic of Zenker's diverticulum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assessing the mental status of the patient is the PRIORITY nursing action to determine the patient's ability to concentrate and focus. This assessment includes evaluating the patient's level of alertness, orientation, memory, thought processes, and mood. By observing the patient's mental status, the nurse can gain valuable information about the patient's cognitive function, attention span, and ability to concentrate. This assessment will help guide further interventions and care planning for the patient. Asking for academic performance or conducting paper and pencil tests may be useful tools to assess concentration and focus, but they should come after a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's mental status. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may be necessary based on the assessment findings, but it should not be the first step in determining the patient's ability to concentrate and focus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs is classic for psoriasis. Additionally, the family history of similar skin lesions further supports the diagnosis of psoriasis, as it is a condition with a genetic predisposition. Pityriasis rosea typically presents with a herald patch followed by oval, scaly lesions in a Christmas tree pattern. Erythema multiforme is characterized by target-like lesions. Lichen planus presents as purple, polygonal, flat-topped papules that may have fine white lines on their surface known as Wickham striae.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Risk management in a healthcare facility involves identifying, assessing, and minimizing risks to prevent potential harm to patients and reduce liability issues. A planned program of loss prevention and liability control falls under the umbrella of risk management. This program includes strategies to mitigate risks such as patient safety protocols, infection control measures, staff training, and proper documentation practices to minimize legal liabilities. By implementing risk management practices, healthcare facilities aim to provide safe and high-quality care to their patients while also protecting themselves against potential legal challenges.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency where one of the baby's shoulders becomes impacted behind the mother's pubic bone after the head delivers. This can lead to compression of the umbilical cord and compromise fetal oxygenation. The most critical nursing intervention in managing shoulder dystocia is applying suprapubic pressure to dislodge the impacted shoulder and allow for delivery of the baby. By gently pushing downwards on the mother's abdomen just above the pubic bone, the shoulder can be released, and the baby can be delivered successfully. This intervention should be prioritized to prevent potential complications for both the mother and the baby. Episiotomy may be considered if necessary, but it is secondary to addressing the shoulder dystocia. Oropharyngeal airway insertion and administering magnesium sulfate are not indicated in the immediate management of shoulder dystocia.