The nurse plans to administer the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) to a five-month-old infant. The nurse should explain to the mother that the test measures the infant's...

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Social and physical activities. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) is a tool used to assess a child's developmental progress in key areas such as social, physical, language, and fine motor skills. By administering this test to a five-month-old infant, the nurse aims to evaluate the infant's developmental milestones in these areas to ensure appropriate growth and development. Option A) Intelligence quotient is incorrect because the DDST does not measure intelligence but rather focuses on developmental milestones specific to infants and young children. Option B) Emotional development is incorrect as the DDST primarily assesses physical and social skills rather than emotional development. Option D) Pre-disposition to genetic and allergic illnesses is incorrect as this test is not designed to assess genetic or allergic predispositions but rather developmental progress. Educationally, understanding the purpose and scope of developmental screening tests like the DDST is essential for healthcare providers working with infants and children. It allows for early identification of developmental delays or concerns, enabling timely interventions and support for optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory assessment nursing, establishing a set bedtime and following a routine (Option B) is the most appropriate suggestion for the mother to make bedtime more pleasant for her child. Consistency and routine are crucial for children's overall well-being and can positively impact their respiratory health by ensuring they get enough rest for proper growth and development. By following a set bedtime routine, the child's circadian rhythm is regulated, which can improve sleep quality and respiratory function. Option A, allowing the child to stay up later one or two nights a week, is not recommended as it can disrupt the child's sleep schedule, leading to respiratory issues such as poor oxygenation and increased risk of respiratory infections. Option C, letting the child play with toys just before bedtime, can stimulate the child and make it harder for them to wind down and fall asleep, affecting their respiratory health negatively. Option D, giving the child a cookie if bedtime is pleasant, is not a suitable solution as it can create an unhealthy association between food and behavior, potentially leading to poor eating habits and respiratory issues like obesity or asthma exacerbation. As healthcare providers, it's important to educate parents on healthy bedtime routines to promote optimal respiratory health in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the child identifying behaviors that please others as 'good behavior' aligns with Kohlberg's level of Conventional morality. In this stage, individuals base their moral decisions on societal norms, seeking approval and avoiding disapproval. The child's understanding of good behavior being defined by external expectations reflects this stage where they are motivated by conformity and maintaining social order. Option A, Pre-conventional morality, is focused on self-interest and obedience to avoid punishment or gain rewards. This stage is more egocentric and lacks consideration for societal norms or the perspectives of others, which does not align with the child's behavior in the scenario. Option C, Post-conventional morality, involves internalized moral principles and a focus on individual rights and justice. This stage typically develops in adolescence and adulthood, where individuals question and transcend societal norms, which is beyond the child's current behavior. Option D, Autonomous morality, is associated with Kohlberg's later stages where individuals develop a respect for universal ethical principles and understand that rules can be changed through rational discussion. This level is more advanced than what is being displayed by the child in the scenario. Educationally, understanding Kohlberg's stages of moral development is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By recognizing and interpreting children's moral development, nurses can provide age-appropriate care, support moral growth, and tailor interventions based on the child's understanding of right and wrong. This knowledge enhances communication, builds trust, and fosters a therapeutic relationship with pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The discomfort of afterpains is more acute for multiparas because repeated stretching of muscle fibers leads to loss of uterine muscle tone. The uterus of a primipara tends to remain contracted. Afterpains are particularly severe during breastfeeding, not bottle feeding. The non-nursing mother may have engorgement problems that will cause her discomfort. The patient who is nursing her second child will have more afterpains than her first pregnancy; however, they will not be as severe as the grand multiparous patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An Rh-negative mother delivering an Rh-positive baby may develop antibodies to fetal cells that entered her bloodstream when the placenta separated. The Rho(D) immune globulin works to destroy the fetal cells in the maternal circulation before sensitization occurs. When the blood types are alike as with mother Rh-negative, baby Rh-negative, no antibody formation would be anticipated. If the Rh-positive blood of the mother comes in contact with the Rh-negative blood of the infant, no antibodies would develop because the antigens are in the mother's blood, not the infant's.