The nurse plans care for the patient with APSGN based on what knowledge?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because APSGN (Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis) is caused by an immune response to a streptococcal infection. Therefore, the nurse must understand the pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and potential complications associated with APSGN to provide effective care. Choice A, B, and C may not directly address the specific knowledge needed to care for a patient with APSGN, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Stomatitis in CKD patients is often caused by iron salts, calcium-containing phosphate binders, and limited fluid intake. Iron salts and calcium binders can lead to mucosal irritation in the GI tract, exacerbating stomatitis. Limited fluid intake can cause dehydration, leading to oral mucosal dryness and vulnerability to stomatitis. A: High serum sodium levels do not directly cause stomatitis in CKD patients. B: Irritation of the GI tract from creatinine is not a common cause of stomatitis in CKD patients. C: Increased ammonia from bacterial breakdown of urea is more related to hepatic encephalopathy rather than stomatitis in CKD patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because hoarseness can be caused by a large thyroid tumor pressing on the larynx, affecting vocal cord function. This physical obstruction directly interferes with the ability of the vocal cords to vibrate properly, leading to hoarseness. Increased capillary permeability (A) would not result in hoarseness. A secondary respiratory infection (B) may cause coughing or throat irritation, but not hoarseness specifically. A psychologic illness (D) would not directly cause hoarseness as it is a physical symptom related to the vocal cords.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer (C): Check the flow to maintain a light pink drainage. Rationale: 1. Darker bladder drainage may indicate blood in the urine, which could be a sign of internal bleeding postoperatively. 2. Checking the flow allows you to assess the amount and color of drainage to ensure it stays light pink, indicating no significant bleeding. 3. Monitoring the drainage color helps in early detection of complications and prompt intervention if needed. Incorrect Choices: A: Calling the attending physician is not the initial action as it may delay necessary intervention. B: Irrigating with a piston syringe can disrupt the natural drainage pattern and should not be done without a healthcare provider's order. D: Ignoring the change in color as expected can lead to overlooking a potentially serious issue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can be harmful for individuals on a salt-restricted diet, especially those with kidney issues. Excessive potassium intake can lead to dangerous health complications. Choice A is incorrect because while some salt substitutes may enhance flavor, the primary concern with their use is the potassium content, not taste improvement. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a temporary use of salt substitute, which may not be advisable due to the potential potassium-related health risks. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests alternative seasonings that may not address the issue of potassium intake from salt substitutes.