Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) do not directly assess the client's electrolyte and fluid balance. ABGs primarily evaluate the client's acid-base balance and oxygenation status by measuring levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the arterial blood. While ABGs can provide some information about blood parameters, such as oxygen saturation, they do not comprehensively assess electrolyte levels or fluid balance. To specifically assess electrolytes and fluid balance, additional tests like basic metabolic panels or comprehensive metabolic panels would be required.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dry cough is the most commonly reported adverse effect associated with lisinopril therapy. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, and the mechanism behind the cough is not completely understood but is thought to be related to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P. This annoying dry cough can be a persistent issue for some patients on lisinopril, and it typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. Patients who experience this side effect should not ignore it and should consult their healthcare provider for further evaluation and possible alternative medication options. Hyperkalemia, hypertension, and bradycardia are not commonly associated adverse effects of lisinopril therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In patients with Rheumatic fever, typical manifestations include an increase in body temperature, non-pruritic rashes, and migratory joint pains. Voluntary muscle spasm is not a typical manifestation of Rheumatic fever. The main clinical features of Rheumatic fever are related to the inflammation of the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. Muscle spasms are not a prominent feature of this condition. It is important for the nurse to be aware of these typical manifestations to effectively monitor and manage the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurse Crissel likely informed the participants that HIV is not casually transmitted through activities like kissing. HIV transmission primarily occurs through activities that involve the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Accidental blood exposure, unprotected sex, and mother to child transmission are known routes of HIV transmission due to the direct exchange of bodily fluids containing the virus. However, the virus is not spread through saliva, including activities like kissing, which do not involve the exchange of significant amounts of bodily fluids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia are all indicative of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver disease characterized by liver scarring and poor liver function. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, is a common manifestation of liver dysfunction seen in cirrhosis. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, is also a common complication of cirrhosis. Spider angiomas, which are small blood vessels near the skin's surface, are a result of altered blood flow in the liver due to cirrhosis. Prolonged prothrombin time and hypoalbuminemia are consequences of reduced liver synthesis function in cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome