ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse obtains a health history from an older adult with a prosthetic mitral valve who has symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE). Which question by the nurse helps identify a risk factor for IE?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Have you had dental work done recently?" This question helps identify a risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE) as dental procedures can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, potentially leading to IE in individuals with prosthetic heart valves. Dental work is a known risk factor for IE due to the transient bacteremia that can occur during dental procedures, especially in those with prosthetic heart valves. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the risk factors for IE in this specific scenario. Asking about a history of heart attack (A) is not directly related to IE risk factors. Family history of endocarditis (B) may have some relevance, but it is not as directly linked to the current situation as dental work. Recent immunizations (C) are important for overall health but not a specific risk factor for IE in this case.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with bacterial pneumonia has coarse crackles and thick sputum. Which action should the nurse plan to promote airway clearance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Help the patient to splint the chest when coughing. This action supports the patient in effectively clearing thick sputum by providing external support to the chest wall during the coughing effort. Splinting the chest can help increase the force of the cough and improve the effectiveness of clearing secretions. A: Restricting oral fluids during the day is incorrect as hydration is important in thinning sputum and promoting airway clearance. B: Encouraging pursed-lip breathing technique is helpful for some respiratory conditions, but it may not be as effective in promoting airway clearance in this case. D: Encouraging the patient to wear the nasal O2 cannula is important for oxygenation but does not directly address airway clearance.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has suffered a nasal fracture. Which assessment would the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Airway patency. Assessing airway patency is the priority in a client with a nasal fracture to ensure adequate oxygenation. If the airway is compromised, it poses a life-threatening risk and requires immediate intervention. Ensuring airway patency takes precedence over assessing facial pain, vital signs, or bone displacement, as these can be addressed once the airway is secured. Assessing vital signs may be important, but airway patency is the most critical initial assessment in this situation. Bone displacement and facial pain assessments are important but secondary to ensuring the client's ability to breathe effectively.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse assesses a client with asthma and notes bilateral wheezing, decreased pulse oxygen saturation, and suprasternal retraction on inhalation. What actions by the nurse are best? (Select all that do not apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Tracheal deviation is not a typical assessment finding in a client with asthma. The presence of bilateral wheezing, decreased oxygen saturation, and suprasternal retraction suggests an exacerbation of asthma, not a condition that would cause tracheal deviation. Administering a salmeterol inhaler (choice A) is appropriate for managing asthma symptoms. Administering oxygen and placing the client on an oximeter (choice C) is also appropriate to monitor oxygen saturation levels. Performing peak expiratory flow readings (choice D) is a standard assessment tool for evaluating asthma severity. However, assessing the client for tracheal deviation (choice B) is not relevant to the management of asthma exacerbation and would not provide helpful information in this case.
Question 5 of 5
Which finding for a patient with mitral valve stenosis would be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath on exertion. In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary congestion. Shortness of breath on exertion indicates worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which are critical in mitral valve stenosis. The other options are not directly associated with mitral valve stenosis. A diastolic murmur is a common finding in mitral valve stenosis but may not necessarily indicate worsening condition. Peripheral edema is more commonly seen in right-sided heart failure, and right upper quadrant tenderness is not typically associated with mitral valve stenosis.