The nurse observes a toddler, admitted with possible respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, grunting with expiration. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the appropriate action for the nurse is option C: Suction the airway to relieve the obstruction. Grunting with expiration in a toddler with possible RSV bronchiolitis indicates respiratory distress. Suctioning the airway helps to clear any secretions or mucus that may be obstructing the air passage, thereby improving the child's ability to breathe. Option A: Assisting the child to clear the nasal passages may not address the deeper airway obstruction that is causing the grunting. Option B: Limiting fluids is not relevant to addressing the respiratory distress in this situation. Option D: Laying the child on his back can worsen the respiratory distress by causing further obstruction. Placing the child in a semi-fowler's position or in a position that facilitates easier breathing would be more appropriate. Educational Context: Understanding the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses, especially when dealing with conditions like RSV bronchiolitis. Proper airway management techniques, such as suctioning, can be life-saving in these situations. Nurses must be able to recognize respiratory distress in children and respond promptly and appropriately to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this NCLEX-style question on oxygenation, the correct answer is option C) 0.04 per cent in air. This is because carbon dioxide comprises approximately 0.04% of the atmosphere. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the gas composition in the air we breathe and its importance in the process of respiration. Option A) 97 per cent of the water on earth is incorrect as it refers to the percentage of water on Earth, not the composition of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Option B) 3 per cent of the water on earth is also irrelevant to the question. Option D) 21 per cent in air is incorrect as it refers to the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere, not carbon dioxide. Educationally, understanding the composition of gases in the atmosphere is fundamental in comprehending respiratory physiology and the exchange of gases in the lungs. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals to assess and manage patients with respiratory conditions. By grasping these basic concepts, nurses and other healthcare providers can deliver optimal care to patients with oxygenation issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Transport gases to the lower airways. The upper airway's primary functions include warming, filtration, and humidification of inspired air, as well as serving as a clearance mechanism through activities like coughing. Additionally, the upper airway acts as a protective barrier, preventing foreign particles from entering the lower airways and lungs. Educationally, understanding the functions of the upper airway is crucial for nursing practice, especially in the context of oxygenation. Nurses need to grasp how the upper airway prepares inspired air for the lower airways by warming, filtering, and humidifying it. Recognizing the protective role of the upper airway in preventing foreign particles from reaching the lungs is essential for maintaining respiratory health. Moreover, distinguishing between the functions of the upper and lower airways is fundamental for providing effective care to patients with respiratory issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Nasal Cannula because it is the least invasive method of oxygenation and allows for more freedom of movement and communication for the patient. Nasal cannulas deliver low levels of oxygen and are generally well tolerated, causing minimal discomfort and anxiety. Option B) Simple Face mask may cause anxiety and apprehension in some patients due to its bulkiness and the feeling of confinement it can create. Patients may also feel claustrophobic wearing a simple face mask, leading to increased anxiety. Option C) Non Rebreather mask and Option D) Partial Rebreather mask both deliver higher concentrations of oxygen compared to a nasal cannula or simple face mask. The sensation of breathing in higher concentrations of oxygen can sometimes be overwhelming for patients, causing anxiety and apprehension. In an educational context, understanding the different methods of oxygenation and their potential impact on patient comfort and anxiety is crucial for nursing practice. Nurses need to be able to assess and select the most appropriate method of oxygen delivery based on the individual patient's needs and preferences to promote optimal outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is a sterile body cavity. The large intestine is not a sterile body cavity as it contains a large number of bacteria that play a crucial role in digestion and the production of certain vitamins. The presence of these bacteria is essential for maintaining a healthy gut environment. Option A is incorrect because the large intestine indeed absorbs water, and the feces consist of about 75% water and 25% solid waste. This process helps in forming solid stool. Option B is incorrect because the stool formed in the transverse colon is well-formed. The main function of the transverse colon is to further absorb water and salts from the stool. Option D is incorrect because the large intestine is not called "large" because it is longer than the small intestine. The large intestine is shorter but wider in diameter compared to the small intestine. The term "large" refers to its diameter rather than its length. Understanding the structure and function of the large intestine is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals as it plays a vital role in the final stages of digestion, absorption of water and electrolytes, and the elimination of waste from the body. Knowledge of the microbial flora present in the large intestine is also essential for understanding its role in overall health and disease prevention.