The nurse notices the person with a PPH looks pale and their capillary refill is >3 seconds. What intervention can the nurse initiate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Start an IV bolus. In postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the priority is to restore circulating volume quickly to prevent shock. Starting an IV bolus with fluids or blood products helps improve perfusion and oxygenation. Choice A is incorrect as warming the person does not address the underlying issue of hypovolemia. Choice B is incorrect as monitoring oxygen saturation is not the immediate priority. Choice C is incorrect as sitting the person up could potentially worsen their condition by reducing venous return.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: shiny, hard breast. Engorgement is characterized by a significant increase in blood and lymph fluid in the breast tissue, causing the breasts to become swollen, shiny, and hard. This occurs when milk production exceeds removal, leading to congestion and inflammation. Protuberant nipples (A) may be a result of engorgement but are not a defining symptom. Insufficient milk production (C) is not a symptom of engorgement but rather a separate issue related to milk supply. Soft, lumpy breast (D) is more indicative of a blocked duct or mastitis, not engorgement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because skin-to-skin contact promotes bonding, regulates the baby's temperature, and encourages breastfeeding. This guidance is crucial for newborns in the NICU to establish a strong connection with their caregiver and support breastfeeding. Choice A is incorrect as breast milk is highly beneficial for premature babies. Choice B is incorrect because premature babies may struggle with breastfeeding due to their developmental stage. Choice D is incorrect as bottles are not recommended for all feedings, especially for premature infants who may have difficulty latching and feeding effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Scrub the incision well twice daily. This is the correct answer because it emphasizes proper hygiene to prevent infection without causing harm to the incision site. Cleaning the incision twice daily helps to keep it clean and reduce the risk of infection. B: Removing the dressing the day after birth is incorrect as it may disrupt the healing process and increase the risk of infection. C: Staples being removed the day after birth is incorrect because staple removal timing varies depending on individual healing progress and is typically done by a healthcare provider. D: Vertical incisions healing faster with less pain is incorrect as healing time and pain tolerance vary among individuals and are not solely determined by the incision type.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: traumatic birth. Traumatic birth can lead to postpartum depression (PPD) due to the physical and emotional stress experienced during labor and delivery. This can trigger feelings of anxiety, helplessness, and trauma that contribute to the development of PPD. Vaginal birth (choice A) and breast-feeding (choice D) are not inherently risk factors for PPD. Family support (choice B) is typically considered a protective factor against PPD, providing emotional and practical assistance for new mothers.