ATI RN
Concepts of Family Health Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.
Question 2 of 5
A woman in the last trimester of pregnancy drinks 8 to 12 ounces of alcohol daily. The nurse plans for the delivery of an infant who is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), characterized by microcephaly and cognitive impairments. Alcohol can cross the placental barrier, affecting the developing fetus's brain and causing irreversible damage. Jaundice (choice A) is not directly caused by alcohol consumption but by other factors like liver dysfunction. Dependence on alcohol (choice B) is a consequence for the mother, not the baby. Although alcohol can lead to low birth weight, the term "underweight" (choice C) is not specific enough to capture the full extent of harm caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.
Question 3 of 5
An alcohol-dependent individual says, 'Drinking helps me cope with being a single parent.' Which response by the nurse would help the individual conceptualize the drinking more objectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the individual to reflect on their past behavior and consequences of drinking. By asking about the last drinking episode, the nurse helps the individual connect their coping mechanism with actual outcomes. This approach promotes self-awareness and personal responsibility. Choice A focuses on fear-mongering and may increase resistance. Choice B may come off as confrontational and judgmental, hindering open communication. Choice C is accusatory and may trigger feelings of guilt or shame, rather than fostering insight. Overall, choice D is the most effective as it guides the individual to explore their experiences and understand the link between drinking and its effects.
Question 4 of 5
The treatment team plans care for a person diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and cannabis abuse. The person has recently used cannabis daily and is experiencing increased hallucinations and delusions. Which principle applies to care planning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Dual diagnosis: Simultaneous treatment is crucial as both conditions impact each other. 2. Cannabis withdrawal may worsen schizophrenia symptoms, so treating both concurrently is essential. 3. Addressing both diagnoses concurrently increases treatment effectiveness. 4. Residential treatment may not be necessary at this stage without considering simultaneous treatment. Summary: B: Residential treatment may not be needed immediately; focus on simultaneous treatment. C: Withdrawal may worsen schizophrenia symptoms; treating both conditions concurrently is preferable. D: Treating schizophrenia first may not address the immediate exacerbation of symptoms due to cannabis use.
Question 5 of 5
In the emergency department, a patient’s vital signs are: blood pressure (BP), 66/40 mm Hg; pulse (P), 140 beats per minute (bpm); and respirations (R), 8 breaths per minute and shallow. The patient overdosed on illegally obtained hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Select the priority outcome.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because stabilizing the patient's vital signs is the top priority in this critical situation. A blood pressure of 66/40 mm Hg indicates severe hypotension, which can lead to organ failure. A pulse of 140 bpm and shallow respirations of 8 bpm indicate poor perfusion and respiratory distress. Achieving a BP greater than 90/60 mm Hg, P less than 100 bpm, and respirations at or above 12 bpm indicates improved perfusion and oxygenation, which are crucial for the patient's survival. Option B is incorrect as achieving a drug-free state is not the immediate priority in an overdose situation. Option C is incorrect as attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings is important for long-term recovery but not the immediate priority. Option D is incorrect as identifying community resources for substance abuse treatment is important but not as critical as stabilizing the vital signs in an overdose situation.