The nurse notes that a patient's eosinophil level is elevated. For which health problem should the nurse plan care for this patient?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The elevated eosinophil level indicates an allergic reaction. Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic responses. They increase in response to allergens. Allergic reactions involve the immune system's response to harmless substances, triggering the release of eosinophils. Cancer, acute viral infections, and autoimmune diseases typically do not directly cause eosinophil elevation. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Allergic reactions).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alexander Fleming. Fleming discovered the antimicrobial action of penicillin in 1928 through his experiment with Staphylococcus bacteria. He noticed that mold from a contaminated petri dish inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Robert Koch (A) is known for his work in identifying specific bacteria causing diseases. Richard Petri (B) is not a known figure in the field of microbiology. Louis Pasteur (D) is famous for his germ theory and pasteurization, but he did not discover penicillin's antimicrobial action. Therefore, based on historical evidence and Fleming's specific contribution to microbiology, choice C is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: recombination. Recombination is a type of mutation that involves the exchange of genetic material between two DNA molecules. This process can lead to genetic variation and evolution. Base substitution (A) is a point mutation where one base is replaced by another. Translocation (B) involves the movement of a segment of DNA to another location in the genome. Insertion sequences (C) are short segments of DNA that can move within the genome but are not considered a type of mutation. Recombination (D) is the only choice directly related to a type of mutation involving the exchange of genetic material.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. It occurs in the dark phase (without direct light requirement), making choice D correct. Choice A is incorrect because the Calvin cycle is a C3 pathway, not C5. Choice B is incorrect because not all photoautotrophic microorganisms use the Calvin cycle; some use alternative pathways. Choice C is incorrect because C4 pathway is a different photosynthetic pathway that occurs in certain plants to minimize photorespiration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. During an allergic reaction, allergens trigger the release of IgE antibodies. 2. The allergen binds with IgE antibodies, leading to the activation of mast cells. 3. Activated mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. 4. This cascade of events causes allergic symptoms. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately describes the initial binding of allergen with IgE antibodies. Option B is incorrect as mast cells are activated, not deactivated. Option C is incorrect as the body is hypersensitive, not immunodeficient. Option D is incorrect as it is mast cells, not Helper T cells, that release histamine.