The nurse makes sure that the distance between himself and the client is at least 6 feet before he begins to ask questions related to the client’s health history. Which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) This distance is too far for the nurse to build a therapeutic relationship while obtaining the information. This is because a distance of 6 feet is considered too far for intimate communication and can hinder the establishment of a therapeutic relationship. Building rapport and trust with the client is essential in obtaining an accurate health history and promoting effective communication. Option A is incorrect because intimate communication requires a closer distance than 6 feet. Option C is incorrect as the recommended distance for effective therapeutic communication is typically around 3-4 feet. Option D is also incorrect as positioning the nurse further away would only increase the distance and further hinder communication. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the importance of appropriate distances in therapeutic communication. Maintaining a comfortable and appropriate physical distance is key to establishing trust, promoting open dialogue, and ensuring effective information gathering during client interactions. Nurses should be mindful of non-verbal cues and the impact of physical proximity on the therapeutic relationship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is option B: Respect the principle of confidentiality and support the client's request. This choice aligns with ethical guidelines that prioritize patient confidentiality and autonomy. As a healthcare provider, it is crucial to uphold patient privacy unless there are specific legal exceptions, such as imminent harm to self or others. Option A is incorrect because violating the client's trust by disclosing sensitive information without consent goes against ethical standards and may harm the nurse-client relationship. Option C is incorrect as providing false information undermines the client's right to accurate healthcare communication. Option D is also incorrect as ignoring the request disregards the client's autonomy and right to privacy. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of understanding and respecting patient confidentiality in healthcare practice. Nurses must be aware of legal and ethical considerations regarding patient information and strive to maintain trust and open communication with clients while upholding confidentiality standards. This situation also underscores the significance of effective communication skills and ethical decision-making in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Normative theory. In this scenario, the nurse is applying normative ethical theory by promoting the idea of treating others as one would like to be treated, which aligns with the ethical principle of reciprocity or the Golden Rule. This theory guides individuals on how they should behave based on moral principles and values. Option A) Descriptive value theory focuses on describing what people value, rather than prescribing how they should behave, making it an incorrect choice for this question. Option C) Consequentialism theory emphasizes the outcomes or consequences of actions to determine their morality, which is not directly applicable in this situation. Option D) Duty-based theory, also known as deontological ethics, centers on the concept of duty and moral obligation rather than the principle of treating others based on personal preferences. In an educational context, understanding different ethical theories is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses who often face ethical dilemmas in their practice. By grasping these theories, nurses can make informed decisions that uphold ethical standards, promote patient well-being, and foster a culture of respect and empathy in their interactions with patients and colleagues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Autonomy. Autonomy refers to a person's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, based on their own values and preferences. In this case, the client with severe cognitive impairment lacks the capacity to fully understand the implications of the decision regarding the removal of the brain tumor, thus impeding his ability to exercise autonomy. Option B) Justice relates to fairness and equal treatment in healthcare. While this is an important ethical concept, it is not the primary concern in this scenario. Option C) Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient and to promote their well-being. This concept is relevant in healthcare decision-making, but in this case, the client's inability to benefit from autonomy takes precedence. Option D) Advocacy involves speaking on behalf of the patient's best interests. While advocacy is crucial, in this context, the fundamental issue lies in the client's lack of autonomy due to cognitive impairment. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding ethical principles in healthcare decision-making. It underscores the need to consider the capacity of individuals to make informed choices and the role of healthcare providers in upholding ethical standards when patients are unable to do so themselves.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the role of Healthy People 2020 objectives is crucial. The correct answer is C) prevention. Healthy People 2020 objectives aim to promote health and prevent disease through a variety of strategies such as education, policy changes, and community initiatives. Prevention is at the core of these objectives as they focus on addressing risk factors, promoting healthy behaviors, and improving access to healthcare services. Option A) assessment is incorrect because while assessment is an important component of healthcare, Healthy People 2020 objectives go beyond just assessing health status to actively promoting health and preventing illness. Option B) diagnosis is also incorrect as Healthy People 2020 objectives are not focused on diagnosing diseases but rather on preventing them before they occur. Option D) treatment is not the primary focus of Healthy People 2020 objectives. While treatment is important in healthcare, these objectives are more about preventing diseases and promoting overall health rather than solely focusing on treatment after illness has occurred. Educationally, understanding the role of prevention in health promotion efforts like those outlined in Healthy People 2020 is essential for healthcare professionals, including pharmacologists, as it informs their practice and helps them contribute to improving population health outcomes. This knowledge can guide their efforts in developing interventions, policies, and programs that align with the overarching goal of prevention and health promotion.