The nurse makes a home visit to a client with chronic kidney disease. The client asks the nurse to make the decision about whether or not to start dialysis. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it promotes client autonomy and informed decision-making. By inviting the client to make a decision after reviewing options, the nurse respects the client's right to self-determination. This approach empowers the client to participate in their own care and make decisions aligned with their values and preferences. It also fosters a collaborative relationship between the nurse and client. Choice A is incorrect because appointing a durable power of attorney does not directly address the client's request for assistance in making a decision about dialysis. Choice C is incorrect as directing the client to have the physician make the decision undermines the client's autonomy. Choice D is incorrect as it does not actively involve the client in the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Culture is defined as learned and shared lifeways of a particular group. This encompasses traditions, customs, beliefs, and practices. Step 2: This definition aligns with the concept of culture as a dynamic and evolving entity shaped by societal influences. Step 3: Social identity influenced by language and religion (B) is a component of culture, but not an all-encompassing definition. Step 4: Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group (C) is a cultural bias and does not define culture as a whole. Step 5: Values influencing thinking and actions (D) are important aspects of culture but do not fully encapsulate the complexity of cultural identity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because addressing an elderly patient as "Sweetie" is unprofessional and inappropriate. It can be seen as demeaning and disrespectful. The nurse should intervene immediately to remind the nursing assistant to maintain a professional and respectful tone when speaking to patients. A, B, and C are not the correct answers because they all involve appropriate and respectful ways of interacting with elderly patients. Offering to help remember the room location, reading from the patient's Bible, and asking for stories about their youth are all positive ways to engage with the patient and provide compassionate care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows empathy and understanding towards the patient's feelings without being judgmental. The nurse acknowledges the patient's frustration, which validates their emotions and opens up further conversation. Choice A is not assertive and could come off as dismissive. Choice B puts words in the patient's mouth. Choice C is confrontational and doesn't address the patient's feelings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because setting up sessions for the graduate nurses to practice various nonverbal gestures allows for hands-on learning and skill development. This approach gives the nurses the opportunity to actively engage in practicing conveying warmth through nonverbal cues, such as smiling, eye contact, and body language. This experiential learning method is effective in helping the nurses understand and internalize the importance of nonverbal communication in conveying warmth to patients. Option B is incorrect because simply observing experienced nurses may not actively involve the graduate nurses in practicing and developing their own skills. Option C is less effective as just providing a list may not translate into practical application and skill development. Option D is not as effective as having the nurses evaluate each other may not provide the structured guidance and feedback needed for skill improvement.