The nurse makes a home visit to a child who has recently been diagnosed with asthma. Which environmental finding has the potential to trigger an asthma exacerbation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Leaky roof. A leaky roof can lead to moisture accumulation, which promotes the growth of mold and mildew. These allergens can trigger asthma exacerbations in children, as they can cause respiratory distress and worsen asthma symptoms due to the inhalation of mold spores. Option A) Radiator heating system: While this can contribute to dry air, it is less likely to directly trigger an asthma exacerbation compared to mold exposure from a leaky roof. Option B) Air conditioner: An air conditioner can help in filtering out allergens from the air, so it is less likely to trigger an asthma exacerbation unless it is not well-maintained and becomes a source of mold or dust accumulation. Option C) Hardwood flooring: This is a better option for individuals with asthma as it does not trap dust and allergens as much as carpets do, so it is less likely to trigger an exacerbation compared to mold exposure from a leaky roof. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the environmental factors that can impact asthma management in children. By identifying and addressing potential triggers like a leaky roof, nurses can help create a safer living environment that supports the child's respiratory health and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Tell him to be active and eat a balanced diet. This recommendation is based on the principles of health promotion and primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet are key components in preventing the development of this disorder. Physical exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels, while a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Option A) Tell him to avoid any and all sweets is incorrect because it promotes a restrictive approach to diet that is not necessary for preventing diabetes. Total avoidance of sweets is not required; rather, moderation and balance are key. Option C) Tell him he should talk to his physician about genetic testing is not the most appropriate initial recommendation for a teenager with a family history of Type 2 diabetes. While genetic factors can play a role, lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise are the primary focus for prevention. Option D) Tell him that very little can be done to avoid developing this disorder is incorrect and defeatist. There is a lot that can be done through lifestyle modifications to lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, and this option does not empower the teenager to take control of their health. Educational context: It is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate and evidence-based recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention. Understanding the role of lifestyle factors in preventing chronic diseases like Type 2 diabetes is essential for promoting health and well-being in individuals at risk. Empowering individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed choices about their health is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice in promoting positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "Do any of your friends drink?" is the most appropriate question for the nurse to ask when initiating a discussion about alcohol consumption with a teenager during a physical exam. This question is crucial as it helps the nurse assess the teenager's peer influence and potential exposure to alcohol consumption. Understanding the teenager's social circle and whether friends engage in drinking can provide insights into their own behaviors and attitudes towards alcohol. Option A, "So, what do you and your friends do for fun and excitement?" is less appropriate as it is too broad and may not directly address the issue of alcohol consumption. Option B, "Do you have access to alcohol?" although relevant, does not delve into the social context that can significantly impact the teenager's alcohol-related decisions. Option D, "Do you want to talk about alcohol or drinking?" is not as effective as it puts the onus on the teenager to initiate the discussion, which may not always be comfortable or productive in this context. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to ask targeted questions that can uncover important information about a teenager's alcohol consumption patterns, especially considering the influence of peers on adolescent behavior. By inquiring about the teenager's friends' drinking habits, the nurse can better tailor interventions and education to promote health promotion and prevent risky alcohol-related behaviors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a driver's education course, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of avoiding distractions while driving. This is why the correct answer is B) Avoiding talking on cell phones. Using a cell phone while driving can significantly impair a person's ability to focus on the road, increasing the risk of accidents. By highlighting this recommendation, students are educated on the dangers of distracted driving and are encouraged to prioritize their attention on the road. Option A) Carpooling with friends, while promoting eco-friendly practices, may not directly impact the safety of the driver unless the discussion shifts to distractions or overcrowding in the vehicle. Option C) Driving during daytime hours does not address any specific safety concern like distractions or visibility issues that are crucial to driver safety. Option D) Wearing safety belts is indeed essential, but this question focuses on recommendations specific to driver behavior rather than general safety practices. In an educational context, understanding and applying safe driving practices are fundamental aspects of driver education. By selecting the correct answer, students are guided to make responsible choices behind the wheel, promoting a culture of safety and attentiveness on the road. This rationale reinforces the importance of focusing on critical driving behaviors that directly impact road safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In organizing a stress reduction workshop, it is crucial for the nurse to consider that work is of primary importance and forms young adults’ self-image. This is the correct factor to consider because work plays a significant role in shaping one's identity, self-worth, and overall well-being, especially for young adults who are establishing themselves in their careers. Addressing stress related to work can have a profound impact on their mental and emotional health. Option A is incorrect because research suggests that both men and women can experience workplace stress, and it is not limited by gender. Option B is incorrect as a first job can be a significant source of stress due to the learning curve, new responsibilities, and expectations. Option C is incorrect because while young adults may be tech-savvy, adapting to job demands like telecommuting can still be stressful due to the blurred boundaries between work and personal life. Educationally, understanding the impact of work-related stress on young adults is vital for nurses to tailor interventions effectively. By recognizing the importance of work in shaping self-image, nurses can design workshops that address stressors specific to the workplace, thereby promoting better mental health outcomes for young adults.