The nurse knows which signs and symptoms of a client indicate a venous disorder?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Edema and hyperpigmented skin of the lower extremities (D) are classic signs of venous disorders (e.g., chronic venous insufficiency) due to poor venous return. Generalized edema with shortness of breath (A) suggests heart failure, red painful skin (B) indicates a rash or infection, and strong pulses (C) contradict venous issues, which often weaken pulses. (Source: Document, p. 3)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pulmonary veins (C) carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. The aorta (A) carries blood from the left ventricle, pulmonary artery (B) from the right ventricle to lungs, and superior vena cava (D) to the right atrium.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The AV node delays the impulse (~0.1s) to allow atrial contraction to finish filling ventricles before ventricular systole (A). B occurs naturally, C is due to Purkinje fibers, and D is unrelated.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The cardioregulatory center in the medulla oblongata (C) controls heart rate via autonomic signals. The atrium (A) has the SA node, hypothalamus (B) regulates other functions, and carotid artery (D) has baroreceptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tissue fluid (D), or interstitial fluid, surrounds cells, derived from plasma (C) leaking from capillaries. Blood (A) is in vessels, lymph (B) is in lymphatic vessels.