The nurse knows that neurologic complications of multiple myeloma (MM) usually involve which of the following body system?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal dysfunction. Neurologic complications in multiple myeloma often manifest as renal dysfunction due to the deposition of abnormal proteins in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. This can result in symptoms like proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and ultimately renal failure. The other choices, brain (A), muscle spasm (B), and myocardial irritability (D), are less likely to be directly associated with neurologic complications of multiple myeloma. Brain involvement in MM is rare, muscle spasms are not a common neurologic complication, and myocardial irritability is more related to cardiac function rather than neurologic complications in MM.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm typically presents with severe lower back pain due to the leakage of blood into the abdomen, leading to irritation of surrounding tissues. Decreased blood pressure is a result of significant blood loss from the rupture. Decreased RBC count occurs due to hemolysis and loss of red blood cells into the abdominal cavity. Increased WBC count is a response to inflammation and infection resulting from the rupture. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical presentation of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The symptoms described in these choices do not accurately reflect the clinical manifestations associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the superego acts as the censoring portion of the mind, regulating behaviors based on moral and ethical standards. It's responsible for enforcing societal norms and values, leading to feelings of guilt or shame when these are violated. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the superego is not primarily focused on defense mechanisms, impulsivity, or decision-making processes. It is more concerned with moral judgments and self-control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Impaired social interaction. This is because impaired social interaction pertains to difficulties in communication or interaction with others, which is not typically a nursing diagnosis but rather an outcome or potential problem. Choices A, B, and C are appropriate nursing diagnoses as they address common patient problems that nurses assess and intervene upon. A: Ineffective individual coping relates to a patient's inability to manage stress; B: Alteration in comfort, pain involves discomfort or pain that affects the patient's well-being; C: Altered role performance refers to changes in the patient's ability to fulfill expected roles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ineffective coping. The parents' apprehensions indicate they are struggling to effectively manage the challenges of caring for their maladaptive child. This nursing diagnosis addresses their difficulty in dealing with stressors and adapting to the situation. Choice A (Hopelessness) focuses on feelings of despair, not directly related to coping. Choice B (Altered parenting role) pertains to changes in parenting responsibilities, not specifically addressing coping mechanisms. Choice C (Altered family process) refers to disruptions in family functioning, but does not pinpoint the parents' coping abilities. In contrast, choice D directly addresses the parents' struggle to cope with the situation, making it the most appropriate nursing diagnosis in this scenario.