The nurse is working with a graduate nurse to prepare an intravenous dose of potassium. Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement "The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted" reflects a need for further teaching. Potassium should always be diluted before administration to prevent irritation of the veins and potential adverse effects, such as phlebitis or tissue damage. Diluting the medication helps to reduce the risk of complications, making it safer for the patient. Therefore, the correct approach is to dilute intravenous potassium before administering it to the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is, "It™s important to try to stay on your prescribed medication. Try to take it with sips of water." It is important to continue taking diuretic therapy as prescribed, even if the patient has been vomiting. Taking the medication with small sips of water can help ensure hydration and absorption of the medication. Discontinuing the diuretic abruptly can lead to fluid retention and exacerbation of the patient's condition. It's best to ensure proper hydration and medication adherence while also seeking proper medical advice if needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It works by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioids and temporarily reversing their effects. Naloxone is commonly administered in emergency situations to quickly restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on opioids. Aspirin (choice A) and Advil (choice B) are non-opioid pain relievers and do not reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. Ondansetron (choice D) is an anti-nausea medication and does not counteract the respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct teaching for a patient taking oral nitrofurantoin is to rinse the mouth after taking the medication to avoid staining the teeth. Nitrofurantoin can cause a harmless but noticeable side effect of staining the teeth, so it is important for the patient to rinse their mouth thoroughly after each dose to reduce the risk of this happening. The other options provided are not accurate teachings related to nitrofurantoin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When treating a patient with renal failure, it is important to avoid NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) as pain medications. NSAIDs can worsen renal function and may cause further damage to the kidneys. They can also lead to complications such as fluid retention, elevated blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances in patients with renal failure. Instead, other types of pain medications such as opioids and nonopioids (e.g., acetaminophen) may be considered for pain management in patients with renal failure. Short-acting analgesics should also be utilized cautiously in this population, considering the potential clearance and metabolism issues due to decreased renal function.