The nurse is working with a family that has a member who was just diagnosed with a mental illness. Another family member tells the nurse that he believes the client is "just being annoying and trying to get attention." Which of the following best describes the family member's statement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: It reflects the public stigma around mental illness. This is because the family member's statement demonstrates a lack of understanding and empathy towards mental illness, attributing the behavior to attention-seeking rather than recognizing it as a symptom of a serious health condition. Public stigma perpetuates negative stereotypes and discrimination. Choice B (institutional stigma) is incorrect as the family member's statement does not involve any institutional influence. Choice C (self-stigma) is incorrect because self-stigma refers to internalizing negative stereotypes about oneself, which is not evident in the family member's statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 14 years. The mean age of menarche in the United States is around 12.5-13.5 years old, with 14 years being a common age for the onset of menstruation in girls. This is supported by research and averages of puberty onset. Choices A, B, and C are significantly higher ages and do not align with the typical age range for menarche. Therefore, D is the most accurate answer based on statistical data and medical knowledge.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Formal operations. During adolescence, individuals develop the ability for abstract thinking, hypothesis testing, and deductive reasoning, which are all characteristics of the formal operational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory. This stage typically occurs around ages 11 to adulthood. The other choices are incorrect because Concrete operations (B) refer to the stage of cognitive development that occurs around ages 7 to 11, where children gain the ability to think logically about concrete events but struggle with abstract concepts. Conventional thought (C) and Postconventional thought (D) are stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, not cognitive development according to Piaget.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse should encourage the adolescent to share his feelings and experiences. This approach promotes open communication, trust, and emotional support, which are crucial for the adolescent's well-being. It allows the nurse to provide appropriate guidance and resources without making assumptions about the adolescent's sexual orientation. Choices A and B are incorrect as sexual orientation is not determined solely by feelings in adolescence. Referring the adolescent for psychotherapy (Choice C) may not be necessary unless there are underlying issues affecting his mental health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Motor vehicles. Adolescents are at high risk of motor vehicle accidents due to inexperience, risky behavior, and distractions. Statistics show that motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in this age group. Drownings (A), firearms (B), and drug overdoses (C) are also significant causes of death in adolescents but are less common compared to motor vehicle accidents. Understanding the risks associated with driving and promoting safe driving practices can help reduce the number of fatalities in this age group.