The nurse is working with a child who has engaged in bullying. Which of the following would be most effective for the nurse to implement?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Social skills training. This is the most effective intervention for a child engaging in bullying because it directly addresses the underlying behavior by teaching appropriate social behaviors and communication skills. Social skills training can help the child understand the impact of their actions, develop empathy, and learn how to interact positively with others. A: Psychoeducation may provide information about bullying but does not necessarily teach the child new skills to change their behavior. B: Bibliotherapy involves reading books to promote understanding, which may not be as effective as directly teaching social skills. C: Early intervention programs are important, but social skills training specifically targets the behavior of bullying and provides practical strategies for change.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: First, the nurse should prioritize safety and infection control by donning sterile gloves to prevent contamination during the dressing change. This is essential to maintain asepsis and prevent wound infection. Applying skin preparation (A) can wait until after the gloves are on. Normal saline (B) is typically used during wound cleaning but is not the first step. Determining pain level (D) is important but not the immediate priority for this procedure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: During World War II, many soldiers experienced mental health issues, leading to increased awareness and acceptance of mental illness as commonplace. Step 2: The societal impact of witnessing the psychological effects of war shifted attitudes towards mental health. Step 3: This increased acceptance paved the way for advancements in mental health care and reduced stigma. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it reflects the societal shift towards viewing mental illness as more common and acceptable. Summary: Choice B is incorrect as the biologic understanding of mental illness was not fully developed during World War II. Choice C is incorrect as deinstitutionalization was a later phenomenon, not directly related to the effects of World War II. Choice D is incorrect as the categorization of mental illnesses as psychoses or neuroses predates World War II and was not a direct effect of the war.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: delusion. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are behaviors or symptoms that are added to a person's personality, such as delusions. Delusions are false beliefs that are not based on reality, commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia. Anhedonia (B) is a negative symptom characterized by the inability to experience pleasure. Apathy (C) is also a negative symptom associated with a lack of interest, motivation, or emotions. Mutism (D) is not specific to schizophrenia and refers to the inability or refusal to speak. Therefore, the correct answer is A because delusions are a classic positive symptom of schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it respects the client's right to autonomy and confidentiality. By offering to see if Mr. Hawkins wants to talk, the nurse is acknowledging his autonomy to make decisions about who he interacts with. This response also maintains confidentiality by not confirming or denying his presence without his consent. Choice A is incorrect as it does not respect Mr. Hawkins' autonomy and does not offer him the choice to speak with the caller. Choice B is incorrect because it does not protect Mr. Hawkins' confidentiality by potentially revealing his presence. Choice D is incorrect as it does not consider Mr. Hawkins' wishes and simply denies the call without involving him in the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because integrative care focuses on treating the whole person, including their body, mind, and spirit. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of these aspects in promoting overall health and well-being. Choice A is incorrect as it only mentions the physician's diagnosis and patient's response, neglecting the holistic approach of integrative care. Choice B is incorrect as it specifically mentions the nurse's ideas without addressing the broader perspective of integrating body, mind, and spirit. Choice D is incorrect as it prioritizes the diagnosis over addressing the spiritual aspect of care, which is essential in integrative medicine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebellum maturation. The cerebellum is responsible for emotional regulation and cognitive functions. As it matures during adolescence, individuals gain better emotional and behavioral control. Limited executive function (A) would hinder rather than improve control. Cerebral stasis and hormonal changes (C) do not directly contribute to emotional regulation. A slight reduction in brain volume (D) would not necessarily lead to increased emotional and behavioral control.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: monitoring client treatment adherence. Nurses play a key role in ensuring patients comply with their treatment plans. This involves monitoring medication intake, therapy attendance, and following through with other recommended interventions. Nurses do not have the authority to prescribe medication (choice A) or perform surgical procedures (choice D). While some nurses may be trained in providing counseling, conducting psychotherapy sessions (choice B) is typically the role of licensed therapists or psychologists.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stimulus control. This technique involves associating the bedroom with sleep by only engaging in sleep-related activities in that space. By avoiding activities like watching TV or working in the bedroom, the client strengthens the association between the bedroom and sleep, improving sleep efficiency. A: Sleep restriction involves limiting the time spent in bed to increase sleep drive. B: Relaxation training focuses on reducing physical and mental tension to promote better sleep. C: Cognitive behavior therapy targets changing negative thought patterns related to sleep.