The nurse is watching a video that depicts a patient and therapist interacting. The patient is asked to say whatever comes to his mind. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Free associations. In this scenario, the patient is asked to say whatever comes to his mind without censoring or filtering their thoughts. This technique is commonly used in psychoanalysis, where the therapist analyzes the patient's free associations to gain insight into their unconscious thoughts and emotions. Dream work (A) involves the interpretation of dreams, not verbal interactions. Gestalt therapy (C) focuses on the present moment and holistic experience, not free associations. Classical conditioning (D) is a form of learning through association between stimuli and responses, not verbal expression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because gender identity disorders involve distress related to the individual's assigned sex. This is a key characteristic as individuals with this disorder experience a strong and persistent discomfort with their biological sex. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to sexual orientation rather than gender identity. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a different disorder called paraphilic disorders. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to sexual dysfunctions rather than gender identity disorders. Therefore, the instructor would include discomfort about one's assigned sex when discussing gender identity disorders to accurately educate the students.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because insomnia, particularly early morning awakening, is a common symptom of major depressive disorder. This symptom is often associated with the inability to fall back asleep and can lead to significant fatigue and impairment during the day. It is important to note that sleep disturbances are a key criterion for diagnosing depression. A, B, and C are incorrect because restlessness (choice A) is more commonly associated with anxiety disorders, excessive studying for future goals (choice B) may indicate high achievement motivation rather than depressive symptoms, and unintentional weight loss (choice C) can be a sign of various medical conditions but is not specific to major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it shows a lack of understanding of a suicide safety plan. This statement indicates an awareness of triggers but does not demonstrate any coping strategies or steps to prevent suicide. In contrast, choices B, C, and D all show elements of a safety plan - engaging in physical activity, relying on a supportive individual, and carrying a suicide prevention resource. In summary, A does not include any proactive measures to address suicidal thoughts compared to B, C, and D.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Albert Ellis. Albert Ellis is credited with being the first to develop cognitive therapy interventions through his creation of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He emphasized the role of irrational beliefs and how they contribute to emotional distress. Freud (B) is known for psychoanalysis, not cognitive therapy. Aaron Beck (A) is known for developing Cognitive Therapy, a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. De Shazer and Berg (D) are associated with solution-focused brief therapy, not cognitive therapy. Therefore, choice C is correct as Albert Ellis pioneered cognitive therapy with his development of REBT.