The nurse is teaching patients about self-injection of insulin. Which statement is true regarding injection sites?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It is important to rotate injection sites within the same location for about 1 week before rotating to a new location. This helps to prevent lipodystrophy, which is the breakdown of fatty tissue under the skin due to repeated injections in the same spot. By rotating sites within the same area, you can ensure consistent absorption of insulin and reduce the risk of developing lumps or dents in the skin. It is recommended to use all the different areas within one body part (such as the abdomen) before moving on to another location to maintain healthy tissue and optimal insulin absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Octreotide is a long-acting synthetic analogue of somatostatin. Somatostatin is a naturally occurring hormone that inhibits the secretion of several other hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and others. Octreotide is often used in the management of conditions like acromegaly (excess growth hormone production), carcinoid syndrome, and some forms of diarrhea associated with hormonal imbalances. By mimicking the actions of somatostatin, octreotide helps to regulate hormone levels in the body and manage symptoms related to hormone excess.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Growth hormone used for therapeutic purposes is obtained through a process called recombinant DNA technology. This method involves inserting the gene that codes for human growth hormone into a bacterial or yeast cell, which then produces the hormone in large quantities. This synthetic growth hormone is identical to the naturally occurring hormone in the body and is safe and effective for therapeutic use. Harvesting growth hormone from human cadaver pituitaries poses a risk of disease transmission, while obtaining it from porcine pituitaries raises concerns about potential immune reactions. Chemical synthesis may not yield a biologically active form of the hormone. Therefore, the most reliable and safe source of therapeutic growth hormone is through the recombinant DNA technique.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Menotropins is a preparation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) obtained from the urine of menopausal women. Menopausal women have a higher concentration of FSH and LH in their urine compared to menstruating or pregnant women. This preparation is commonly used to induce ovulation in women undergoing fertility treatments. The combination of FSH and LH in menotropins helps stimulate the development of ovarian follicles and triggers ovulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The metabolic rate of the brain is not significantly affected by thyroxine. Thyroxine mainly influences the metabolic rate of organs with high energy demands such as the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Thyroxine increases the metabolic rate by stimulating the production of enzymes involved in energy production and consumption. However, the brain has a relatively stable metabolic rate that is not significantly influenced by changes in thyroid hormone levels.