The nurse is teaching an older client with hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following is most effective in managing high blood pressure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reducing sodium intake. High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be effectively managed. Increasing intake of fatty foods (B) can contribute to heart disease and worsen hypertension. Limiting physical activity (C) can lead to weight gain and higher blood pressure. Reducing fiber in the diet (D) can negatively impact overall health and increase the risk of hypertension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tenderness in the right upper quadrant with inspiration points towards Murphy's sign, indicative of cholecystitis. This sign is elicited by palpating the right upper quadrant while the patient takes a deep breath. This maneuver causes the gallbladder to descend and come into contact with the inflamed peritoneum, reproducing pain and halting inspiration. Choices A, B, and D do not describe physical examination findings specific to cholecystitis such as Murphy's sign or tenderness in the right upper quadrant with inspiration. Therefore, they are incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facilitation involves using verbal and nonverbal cues to encourage the patient to continue talking. In this scenario, saying "Go on" and "Mm-hmm" indicates active listening and prompts Mr. W. to elaborate on his symptoms. This technique helps gather more information and shows empathy without imposing personal assumptions or judgments. Echoing involves repeating the patient's last words, nonverbal communication refers to gestures and body language, and an empathic response involves acknowledging and validating the patient's feelings. In this case, the best fit is facilitation as it encourages further discussion without interrupting or steering the conversation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Empathy. By acknowledging the patient's emotional experience and showing understanding of her feelings, the response demonstrates empathy. This response validates the patient's emotions and fosters a sense of connection and understanding. Choice A: Reassurance implies providing comfort or support, but in this scenario, the focus is on acknowledging the patient's feelings rather than providing reassurance. Choice C: Summarization involves restating key points or information, which is not demonstrated in the given scenario where the focus is on acknowledging the patient's emotional experience. Choice D: Validation involves recognizing and affirming the patient's emotions as legitimate, which aligns closely with empathy. However, in this specific scenario, the response does not explicitly confirm the validity of the patient's emotions, making it less appropriate than the answer choice of empathy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Large amplitude, forceful. A high fever, like 104 degrees Fahrenheit, typically leads to an increased heart rate and stronger pulse. This is the body's way of compensating for the fever and increased metabolic demands. A pulse with large amplitude and forceful quality indicates a higher cardiac output to support the body's needs during the fever. Choices B and C are incorrect because a small amplitude, weak pulse is unlikely with a high fever, and a normal pulse may not be expected in this scenario. Choice D, bigeminal, refers to an abnormal heart rhythm pattern characterized by every other beat being premature and is unrelated to the patient's fever.