The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which foods will the nurse identify as containing dietary protein? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: fish. Fish is a good source of dietary protein, containing essential amino acids necessary for bodily functions. Fish provides high-quality protein which is important for muscle maintenance and overall health. Nuts, rice, and butter are not primarily sources of protein. Nuts contain healthy fats and some protein, but may not be the main protein source for an individual. Rice and butter are not significant sources of protein and do not provide the essential amino acids needed for optimal health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deductive. Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and applies it to specific situations to reach a logical conclusion. In this scenario, the nurse is using deductive reasoning by beginning with the big picture (general premise) and anticipating specific findings (applying the premise to specific situations). Inductive reasoning (choice A) starts with specific observations to form a general conclusion, which is the opposite of what the nurse is doing. "Careful reasoning" (choice C) and "Critical reasoning" (choice D) are vague terms that do not specifically describe the type of logical reasoning being used by the nurse in the given situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the Middle Ages, monks and nuns primarily undertook nursing duties in monasteries and convents. This is the correct answer because during this period, healthcare was often provided by religious institutions, and monks and nuns were seen as caregivers due to their commitment to serving others and their access to basic medical knowledge passed down through religious teachings. Monasteries and convents also served as centers for hospitality and care for the sick and needy. Family members in their homes (option A) were more focused on caring for their own family members rather than providing nursing care to the community at large. Herbalists in communities (option C) were known for their use of natural remedies but did not typically provide comprehensive nursing care as monks and nuns did. Military personnel in wartime hospitals (option D) were more focused on treating injuries sustained in battle rather than general healthcare provision. In an educational context, understanding the historical role of monks and nuns in nursing during the Middle Ages helps students appreciate the evolution of nursing as a profession. It highlights the influence of religion and community care on the development of healthcare practices and the important role that religious institutions played in providing care to the sick and vulnerable populations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) by offering a basis for nursing interventions. Nursing theories have played a crucial role in the historical development of the nursing profession by providing a framework for understanding and guiding nursing practice. These theories offer a systematic way to organize knowledge, improve patient care, and enhance the professional identity of nurses. They help nurses to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate patient care in a structured and effective manner. Option A) by focusing on task-oriented practices is incorrect because nursing theories go beyond mere task completion; they encompass holistic care, patient-centered approaches, and evidence-based practices. Option B) by discouraging research in nursing is incorrect because nursing theories actually encourage research to validate and refine the theoretical foundations of nursing practice. Option D) by limiting the roles of nurses is incorrect because nursing theories, if anything, expand the scope of nursing practice by guiding nurses to take on diverse roles in healthcare settings. In an educational context, understanding the significance of nursing theories in shaping the profession is essential for nursing students. It helps them appreciate the theoretical underpinnings of their practice, develop critical thinking skills, and deliver high-quality, evidence-based care to patients. It also highlights the evolution of nursing from a task-oriented to a theory-driven profession, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and professional development in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of administering a loop diuretic, such as furosemide, the nurse should anticipate the development of hypokalemia in the client. Loop diuretics work in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes, particularly potassium. This mechanism of action results in potassium loss, potentially causing hypokalemia. Option A, Hypokalemia, is the correct answer because loop diuretics are known to cause potassium depletion due to their effect on renal electrolyte excretion. Option B, Hyperkalemia, is incorrect in this context because loop diuretics do not typically lead to elevated potassium levels; instead, they can cause potassium depletion. Option C, Hypernatremia, is also incorrect as loop diuretics primarily affect potassium and not sodium levels. Option D, Hypervolemia, is not the expected electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretic use, as these medications are used to reduce fluid volume in conditions like heart failure and edema. Understanding the electrolyte imbalances associated with loop diuretic use is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their clients. Monitoring electrolyte levels, particularly potassium, is essential to prevent complications related to diuretic therapy, such as cardiac arrhythmias or muscle weakness. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the pharmacological effects of medications to anticipate and manage potential adverse reactions effectively.