The nurse is teaching a patient with iron-deficiency anemia about foods to increase iron intake. Which food may enhance the absorption of oral iron forms?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Orange juice. This is because orange juice contains vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of iron. Vitamin C helps convert non-heme iron (the type found in plants) into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. Milk (choice A) and yogurt (choice B) contain calcium and casein, which can inhibit iron absorption. Antacids (choice C) can also decrease iron absorption by altering stomach acidity. Therefore, consuming orange juice along with iron-rich foods can help improve iron absorption in patients with iron-deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Local anesthetics are weak bases because they exist mostly in their uncharged form at physiological pH, allowing them to penetrate cell membranes and reach their target site within nerve fibers. The uncharged form can then interact with ion channels to block nerve conduction. Weak acids (choice B) and salts (choice C) are not characteristic of local anesthetics as they do not exhibit the same pharmacological properties needed for nerve blockade. Choice D is incorrect as local anesthetics are indeed weak bases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibition of the hydrolysis of endogenous acetylcholine. Indirect-acting cholinomimetic agents work by blocking the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine. By inhibiting this enzyme, these agents increase the levels of acetylcholine at the receptor sites, leading to prolonged activation of cholinergic receptors. This mechanism results in enhanced cholinergic effects in the body. Choice A is incorrect because indirect-acting cholinomimetic agents do not directly bind to or activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors. Choice C is incorrect as these agents do not stimulate the action of acetylcholinesterase; rather, they inhibit its activity. Choice D is incorrect because indirect-acting cholinomimetic agents do not release acetylcholine from storage sites; instead, they prevent its breakdown.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory depression. Ganglion blockers were used to treat conditions like hypertension by blocking sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. Respiratory depression is not a reason for the disappearance of ganglion blockers. A. Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect due to extensive blockade of sympathetic ganglia. B. Lack of selectivity leads to non-specific effects on various organ systems. C. Homeostatic reflexes block disrupts normal physiological responses leading to adverse effects. Overall, respiratory depression is not a prominent reason for the decline in the use of ganglion blockers compared to the other listed reasons.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lipolysis. Beta3-receptors are mainly found in adipose tissue and their stimulation leads to the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids, promoting lipolysis. This effect is beneficial in increasing energy expenditure and weight loss. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: Decrease in platelet aggregation - This effect is associated with beta2-receptor stimulation, not beta3. C: Bronchodilation - This effect is primarily mediated by beta2-receptor stimulation in the lungs. D: Tachycardia - Stimulation of beta1-receptors, not beta3, is responsible for increasing heart rate.