The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping blood pressure medication without medical guidance can be dangerous and worsen hypertension. A is correct as reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure. B is correct as physical activity is beneficial. C is incorrect, as limiting alcohol intake is also important in managing hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the small intestine, because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. The small intestine is lined with villi and microvilli, increasing its surface area for efficient absorption. It contains specialized cells that transport nutrients into the bloodstream for distribution to the body. The stomach (B) primarily breaks down food using digestive enzymes and acids, while the pancreas (C) secretes digestive enzymes but does not directly absorb nutrients. The liver (D) plays a role in bile production and detoxification, but nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chemical digestion of proteins. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins into peptides and amino acids. This process is essential for protein digestion. Mechanical digestion (A) occurs mainly in the mouth and intestines. Absorption of nutrients (C) primarily takes place in the small intestine. Neutralization of stomach acid (D) is not the primary role of the stomach; rather, the stomach maintains an acidic environment for digestion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the pharyngeal phase of swallowing involves the peristaltic activity of the upper third of the esophagus, pushing the food bolus towards the stomach. This phase is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing reflex. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the pharyngeal phase is entirely involuntary, the upper esophageal sphincter opens during the esophageal phase, and the opening of the glottis is associated with protection of the airway during swallowing, not the pharyngeal phase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of sodium. Colonic mucosal cells are efficient in absorbing sodium through active transport processes. Sodium absorption helps in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because primary bile acids are converted into secondary bile acids in the liver, bilirubin is converted into stercobilinogen in the intestines, and aromatic amino acids are mostly absorbed in the small intestine, not the colon.