ATI RN
Free Pediatric CCRN Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with AIDS about complications of the disease. Which of the following is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with AIDS. PCP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. This infection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics. Symptoms of PCP include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment of PCP are crucial in patients with AIDS to prevent severe complications.
Question 2 of 5
A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that adaptive immunity is provide by which type of white blood cell?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are the type of white blood cells that provide adaptive immunity. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and target certain pathogens (including HIV), while T cells have various functions in the immune response, such as directly killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. Adaptive immunity is characterized by the body's ability to remember specific pathogens and mount a targeted response upon subsequent exposures. In the context of HIV and AIDS, understanding the role of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity is essential for the client to comprehend how the virus affects the immune system and why immune function becomes compromised over time.
Question 3 of 5
In teaching a female client who is HIV positive about pregnancy, the nurse would know more teaching is necessary when the client says:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A indicates a misunderstanding about HIV transmission during pregnancy. In reality, with proper medical care and management during pregnancy and delivery, the risk of transmitting HIV from mother to baby can be significantly reduced but not completely eliminated. The virus can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, but it is not directly from the placenta. This misconception highlights the need for further education and clarification on the modes of HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. Options B, C, and D all demonstrate understanding and appropriate planning related to HIV and pregnancy.
Question 4 of 5
What is the causative agent in HIV/AIDS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The causative agent of HIV/AIDS is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV infects and kills the immune system's CD4 T cells, weakening the immune system and making the body more susceptible to infections and certain cancers. The virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different microorganisms that are not responsible for causing HIV/AIDS.
Question 5 of 5
Joel has some internal bleeding. At which of the following sites is the most common for the child with hemophilia to bleed?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In children with hemophilia, the most common site for bleeding is at the ends of the long bones, such as the joints (especially the knees, elbows, and ankles). This is due to the joints being more prone to injury and stress during physical activities. As a result, spontaneous bleeding or bleeding following minor trauma can occur at these sites. Internal bleeding in the cerebrum or intestines is less common in children with hemophilia compared to bleeding in the joints.