Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). PCP is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS due to the weakened immune system, making patients vulnerable to this fungal infection. PCP is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. Toxoplasmosis (B) is also common but not as prevalent as PCP in AIDS. Candidiasis (C) is a common fungal infection but not the most common in AIDS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (D) is a bacterial infection and not typically considered an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, which is to replace the foreskin over the head of the penis after washing. This is important to prevent any irritation or injury to the sensitive foreskin and glans. Leaving the foreskin retracted (A) can lead to discomfort and potential injury. Not retracting the foreskin (B) may not allow for proper cleaning. Using alcohol and a cotton swab (D) can be too harsh and irritating to the delicate tissues. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate and gentle approach to maintain proper hygiene and prevent any complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the problem-oriented approach involves focusing on the patient's presenting situation to identify the main issues and prioritize data collection. This step helps the nurse understand the immediate concerns and sets the direction for further assessment and interventions. Choice A is incorrect because completing questions in chronological order may not address the most urgent issues. Choice C is incorrect as accurate interpretations come after collecting relevant data. Choice D is incorrect as conducting an observational overview is part of the assessment process but not the first step in the problem-oriented approach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Implementation. In this step of the nursing process, the nurse is carrying out the care plan based on the identified nursing diagnoses. The nurse is actively providing care and interventions to meet the patient's needs. Assessment (A) is the initial step where data is collected and analyzed. Planning (B) is where goals and interventions are determined based on assessment findings. Evaluation (D) is the final step where the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the care provided. In this scenario, the nurse has already completed the care plan and is now executing the plan by implementing the interventions, making choice C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use two people to assist the patient. This is the safest option as it provides optimal support and stability for the patient during their first postoperative ambulation. Two people can help prevent falls, ensure proper body mechanics, and offer immediate assistance if needed. Using one person (choice A) may not provide enough support. Encouraging the patient to "dangle" (choice C) may increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Giving a narcotic before ambulation (choice D) can impair the patient's balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls.