The nurse is teaching a parent with a 2-month-old infant who has been diagnosed with colic about ways to relieve colic. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for additional teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A is the correct answer that indicates the need for additional teaching by the nurse. Letting the infant cry for at least 30 minutes before responding is not an appropriate or effective way to manage colic in a 2-month-old baby. Crying is the only way infants can communicate their needs, and leaving them to cry can lead to increased distress. Option B, swaddling the infant tightly with a soft blanket, is a recommended practice as it can provide comfort and a sense of security to the baby. Option C, massaging the infant's abdomen, can help relieve colic symptoms by aiding in digestion and providing soothing touch. Option D, placing the infant in an upright seat after feeding, can also be beneficial in reducing colic symptoms by minimizing reflux and gas. Educationally, it is important for parents to understand appropriate ways to address colic in infants to provide comfort and support. Teaching parents effective strategies such as swaddling, infant massage, and positioning after feeding can help them better care for their colicky baby and strengthen the parent-child bond. Encouraging responsive and nurturing care is key in managing colic and promoting the overall well-being of the infant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Abstract thinking.' According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, adolescents, typically around the age of 12 and older, enter the formal operational stage where they can think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations. When discussing complex topics like STIs with a 17-year-old student, it is essential to base the teaching plan on abstract thinking. Choice A, 'Sensorimotor reactions,' is incorrect as it pertains to the earliest stage in Piaget's theory (birth to 2 years old) focusing on sensory experiences and physical interactions. Choice B, 'Limited cause and effect understanding,' does not align with the cognitive abilities of a 17-year-old who is capable of more advanced thinking. Choice D, 'Concrete thinking,' is also incorrect as it refers to the stage before formal operations, where individuals think more concretely and struggle with abstract concepts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid giving citrus juice.' Citrus juice can irritate the throat after a tonsillectomy, so it should be avoided. Choice A is incorrect because blowing the nose gently is not a recommended intervention following a tonsillectomy. Choice B is incorrect as mucus in emesis is not uncommon postoperatively and does not necessarily require physician notification. Choice C is incorrect as positioning the child supine immediately postoperatively can increase the risk of airway obstruction and should be avoided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct setting for the infusion pump should be 60 mL/hour to deliver 30 mL in 30 minutes. To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hour, divide the total volume to be infused (30 mL) by the total time for infusion (30 minutes) and then multiply by 60 to convert minutes to hours. Therefore, 30 mL / 30 minutes * 60 minutes/hour = 60 mL/hour. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the calculation based on the given parameters.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Surgical removal of the affected section of bowel. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition where a portion of the large intestine lacks nerve cells, leading to difficulties in passing stool. The definitive treatment for this condition is the surgical removal of the affected section of the bowel. Barium enema (Choice A) may be used for diagnosis but is not a treatment. A high-fiber diet (Choice C) is not effective in managing Hirschsprung's disease. A permanent colostomy (Choice D) is not the initial treatment for this condition in infants.