ATI RN
Nursing Fundamentals Oxygenation Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with pneumonia about the use of an incentive spirometer. What is the primary benefit of this intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prevents alveolar collapse. Incentive spirometry helps to prevent atelectasis by promoting deep breathing and improving lung expansion, preventing alveoli from collapsing. This process keeps the airways open and maintains lung function. Incorrect choices: A: Increases oxygen saturation - While incentive spirometry can help improve oxygenation indirectly by enhancing lung function, its primary benefit is to prevent alveolar collapse. C: Reduces respiratory rate - Incentive spirometry focuses on improving lung expansion and preventing atelectasis, not specifically on reducing respiratory rate. D: Decreases mucus production - Incentive spirometry does not directly impact mucus production; its primary goal is to maintain lung function and prevent complications like atelectasis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with asthma about using a spacer with an inhaler. What is the primary benefit of using a spacer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a spacer helps deliver medication more effectively to the lungs by slowing down the speed of the medication particles, allowing for better penetration into the lungs. This improves drug delivery and reduces the risk of side effects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because using a spacer does not eliminate the need for deep breaths, prevent oral thrush, or reduce the frequency of inhaler use.
Question 3 of 5
A diabetic patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results are pH 7.28; PaCO2 34 mm Hg; PaO2 85 mm Hg; HCO3€“ 18 mEq/L. The nurse would expect which finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kussmaul respirations. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the ABG results show metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3-) compensated by respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO2). Kussmaul respirations are deep and rapid breathing pattern seen in DKA to blow off excess CO2 and compensate for the metabolic acidosis. Intercostal retractions (A) may occur in severe respiratory distress, but this is not specific to DKA. Low oxygen saturation (C) may be present due to respiratory distress but is not the primary finding in DKA. Decreased venous O2 pressure (D) is not a typical finding in DKA.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse provides discharge instructions to a patient who was hospitalized for pneumonia. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates a good understanding of the instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will continue to do deep breathing and coughing exercises at home." This statement shows good understanding as these exercises help prevent complications like pneumonia recurrence. Choice A is incorrect because feeling tired after a week is a vague symptom. Choice C is incorrect as scheduling two vaccine appointments is unnecessary. Choice D is incorrect as canceling a follow-up chest x-ray can lead to missed complications.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse observes a patient with a tracheostomy coughing up thick secretions. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform tracheal suctioning. This is the first intervention because thick secretions can obstruct the tracheostomy tube, leading to respiratory distress. Suctioning helps clear the airway to improve breathing. Encouraging oral fluid intake (B) may not be effective in clearing the secretions. Administering a mucolytic agent (C) may help liquefy secretions but suctioning is more immediate. Teaching about humidification (D) can help prevent thick secretions but immediate action is needed to clear the airway.