The nurse is reviewing the results of laboratory tests conducted on a client admitted with an alteration in respiratory function. Which laboratory finding would be most significant for this client?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a client with an alteration in respiratory function, the most significant laboratory finding would be a blood pH of 7.32 (option D). This finding indicates acidosis, which is crucial in respiratory dysfunction as it reflects an imbalance in acid-base status, likely due to CO2 retention from inadequate ventilation. Option A, Hemoglobin level of 14 g/dL, is generally within the normal range and does not directly indicate respiratory impairment. Option B, Oxygen saturation of 96%, reflects adequate oxygenation but does not provide information about respiratory function. Option C, Serum sodium of 140 mg/dL, is also within the normal range and is not directly related to respiratory dysfunction. Understanding laboratory values in the context of respiratory dysfunction is crucial for nurses to provide effective care. Abnormal blood pH levels can indicate potential respiratory failure, prompting timely interventions. This knowledge helps nurses interpret results accurately, tailor interventions to the client's needs, and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize respiratory function and overall patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In educating the client's family about the types of COPD, it is crucial to provide accurate information to ensure proper understanding and care. The correct answer, option C (Bronchitis and emphysema), is the right choice because these two conditions are the primary types of COPD. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the airways, leading to increased mucus production and airway narrowing. Emphysema, on the other hand, is characterized by damage to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. Option A (Asthma and bronchitis) is incorrect because while asthma is a chronic respiratory condition, it is not considered a type of COPD. Option B (Asthma and emphysema) is also incorrect because, as mentioned earlier, asthma is a separate respiratory condition from COPD. Option D (Emphysema and atelectasis) is incorrect as well because atelectasis refers to the collapse of a lung or a portion of it, which is not a type of COPD. When teaching about COPD, it is essential to highlight the differences between asthma and COPD, as well as to emphasize the impact of bronchitis and emphysema on the lungs. Providing this knowledge can help the family better understand the client's condition, adhere to treatment plans, and support their loved one in managing COPD effectively. It is important to stress the importance of lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers to optimize COPD management and improve the client's quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer, A, is appropriate because it aligns with the current evidence-based practice of placing infants on their backs to sleep, which significantly reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This instruction is crucial for the safety and well-being of the newborn. Option B is incorrect as placing the baby on the stomach increases the risk of SIDS. Option C is also incorrect as it goes against safe sleep guidelines and could potentially endanger the baby. Option D is incorrect as it provides inaccurate information and does not prioritize the baby's safety and well-being. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of evidence-based practice in nursing, especially in areas such as newborn care and SIDS prevention. It also underscores the role of nurses in educating and advocating for safe practices to promote the health and safety of patients. Understanding and following guidelines for safe sleep practices are essential components of nursing care for infants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) The movement of oxygen from the atmosphere through a series of intricate processes in three stages. This answer is correct because the oxygen cycle indeed consists of three main stages: oxygen release via photosynthesis by plants, utilization of oxygen by aerobic organisms for respiration, and the release of carbon dioxide back to plants. These stages are crucial in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the environment, supporting life on Earth. Option B) A single-stage process is incorrect because the oxygen cycle is not a simple, one-step process. It involves multiple interconnected stages that work together to ensure the continuous availability of oxygen for living organisms. Option C) A cycle without stages is also incorrect because, as explained, the oxygen cycle is clearly defined by distinct stages that are interconnected and essential for sustaining life on our planet. Option D) None of the above is incorrect as well since option A accurately describes the three significant stages of the oxygen cycle. Educationally, understanding the stages of the oxygen cycle is vital for students studying nursing fundamentals as it provides the foundational knowledge necessary to comprehend the processes of respiration, gas exchange, and overall oxygenation within the human body. By grasping the interconnectedness of oxygen production, utilization, and recycling in the environment, nursing students can appreciate the significance of oxygenation in maintaining health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a patient who is too fatigued to complete daily hygiene on his or her own, the nurse should group personal care activities into smaller steps and allow rest periods between the activities. The nurse should assist with bathing and hygiene tasks as needed and only when the patient has difficulty. The nurse should encourage the patient to voice feelings and concerns about self-care deficits, and teach the patient to coordinate diaphragmatic breathing with the activity.