ATI RN
ATI Neurological System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient's diagnostic tests which show changes in nerve insulation. What structure should the nurse explain to the patient that electrically insulates neurons?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The myelin sheath is a phospholipid layer that electrically insulates neurons, allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses. Astrocytes are a type of neuroglial cell, gray matter contains cell bodies, and interneurons facilitate communication within the central nervous system. The myelin sheath's role in nerve function is critical for understanding neurological disorders.
Question 2 of 5
While collecting data the nurse learns that a patient with a neurological illness has not had a sense of smell for several decades. Which part of the central nervous system should the nurse question as being damaged in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) originates in the temporal lobe, and damage to this area can result in anosmia (loss of smell). The brainstem, occipital lobe, and hypothalamus are not directly involved in the sense of smell. Assessing olfactory function can provide clues about neurological damage.
Question 3 of 5
What gland produces a secretion that causes fight-or-flight responses in effectors?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland and secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress, leading to fight-or-flight responses. The salivary gland produces saliva, the reproductive gland produces sex hormones, and the thymus produces T-cells for the immune system, none of which are related to fight-or-flight responses.
Question 4 of 5
Nerve cells form long projections called ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: axons. Nerve cells form long projections called axons to transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body. Axons are essential for communicating signals between different parts of the nervous system. Soma (A) refers to the cell body of the neuron, dendrites (C) are short, branched extensions that receive signals, and synapses (D) are the junctions where neurons communicate with each other, not the long projections themselves. Therefore, axons are the correct choice for the long projections formed by nerve cells.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the causative agent of East African trypanosomiasis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. East African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, specifically the subspecies Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. This parasite is transmitted by tsetse flies and infects humans, causing sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma cruzi (Choice A) causes Chagas disease, not East African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma vivax (Choice B) causes a different form of animal trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Choice D) is responsible for West African trypanosomiasis, not the East African form. Therefore, the correct choice is C.