The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an assigned patient. The serum bilirubin is 2.8 mg/dL. The nurse anticipates that the patient's urine will display which finding?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dark color. Elevated serum bilirubin levels can cause jaundice, which results in dark-colored urine due to increased bilirubin excretion. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Low specific gravity would not be directly related to elevated bilirubin levels. C: Very scant amount of urine is not a typical finding associated with elevated bilirubin. D: Foul odor is not directly related to elevated bilirubin levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering pain relief and oxygen therapy. During the acute phase of a myocardial infarction (MI), the priority is to relieve pain and ensure adequate oxygenation to reduce myocardial damage. Pain relief helps alleviate discomfort and decrease stress on the heart. Oxygen therapy improves oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Choices B and C are not priorities during the acute phase as they may increase the workload of the heart. Choice D is important but not a priority during the acute phase when immediate interventions are crucial for patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: absorbing nutrients. Intestinal villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients. They contain specialized cells that absorb nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and digested food particles. Villi do not produce bile (A), secrete enzymes (C), or break down proteins (D). Bile is produced by the liver, enzymes are secreted by the pancreas, and protein breakdown primarily occurs in the stomach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes break down food molecules into smaller nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. Bile (choice A) is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the pancreas. Gastric acid (choice B) is produced by the stomach to aid in the digestion of proteins. Insulin (choice D) is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The function of the villi in the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Villi increase surface area for absorption. They contain blood vessels and lacteals that absorb digested nutrients. Villi do not produce digestive enzymes (A), bile (C), or store glycogen (D). Digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and bile by the liver. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles.