ATI RN
Cardiovascular Treatment Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the JNC 7 guidelines for treatment of hypertension. Which blood pressure would be classified as “prehypertension” according to the JNC 7 guidelines?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (130/88 mm Hg) because according to JNC 7 guidelines, prehypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mm Hg. Choice A (118/76 mm Hg) falls within the normal range. Choices C (150/90 mm Hg) and D (160/104 mm Hg) both fall within the hypertension range, not prehypertension.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer morning medications to a patient who has been newly diagnosed with tuberculosis. The patient asks, “Why do I have to take so many different drugs?” Which response by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Taking multiple drugs reduces the chance that the tuberculosis will become drug resistant." Rationale: 1. Combination therapy is essential in treating tuberculosis to prevent the development of drug resistance. 2. Different drugs target various stages of the tuberculosis bacteria's life cycle, reducing the likelihood of resistance. 3. Using a single drug can lead to the bacteria adapting and becoming resistant, making treatment ineffective. 4. Option A is incorrect because relying on just one drug is not effective in preventing drug resistance. 5. Option C is incorrect as using multiple drugs does not necessarily reduce side effects; it primarily aims to prevent resistance. 6. Option D is incorrect because the main goal of using multiple drugs is not to enhance the effect of each drug but to prevent drug resistance.
Question 3 of 5
Half life (t ½) is the time required to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because half-life represents the time taken for the concentration of a drug in the plasma to reduce by 50%. This is crucial during the elimination phase when the drug is being cleared from the body. Choice B is incorrect as half-life does not specifically relate to drug metabolism into active metabolites. Choice C is incorrect as half-life is not about drug absorption but elimination. Choice D is incorrect as half-life does not pertain to drug binding to plasma proteins but rather the rate of elimination from the body.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following groups is responsible for the potency and the toxicity of local anesthetics?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipophylic group. Local anesthetics exert their potency and toxicity by interacting with sodium channels in nerve fibers. The lipophilic group determines the lipid solubility of the anesthetic, affecting its ability to penetrate nerve membranes and block sodium channels. Ionizable groups are responsible for the drug's pH-dependent solubility and onset of action, while the intermediate chain contributes to the drug's duration of action. Choice D is incorrect because not all components (ionizable group and intermediate chain) solely determine potency and toxicity of local anesthetics.
Question 5 of 5
Parasympathomimetic drugs cause:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parasympathomimetic drugs mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the parasympathetic system leads to a decrease in heart rate (bradycardia). This is why choice C is correct. Bronchodilation (A) is caused by sympathetic stimulation, mydriasis (B) is caused by sympathetic stimulation, and constipation (D) can be caused by anticholinergic drugs, which have the opposite effect of parasympathomimetic drugs.