The nurse is reviewing the drug-approval process in the United States and learns that the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 contains which provisions? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Review of new drugs is accelerated. The FDA Modernization Act of 1997 aimed to expedite the drug-approval process by streamlining regulations and providing more efficient pathways for approval. This provision allowed for faster review of new drugs to get them to market more quickly. Choice B is incorrect because off-label use of drugs is not specifically addressed in the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. Choice C is incorrect because the privacy of individually identifiable health information is more related to HIPAA regulations rather than the FDA Modernization Act. Choice D is incorrect because the act does not require drug companies to offer advanced notice of plans to discontinue drugs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Modifying gastric emptying time. Gastric emptying time affects the rate at which drugs are absorbed in the body. Slowing down or speeding up gastric emptying can alter the absorption rate of drugs. Changing gastric pH (choice B) can affect drug solubility but not necessarily absorption rate. Decreasing inflammation (choice C) may impact drug distribution but not absorption. Forming drug complexes (choice D) can affect drug stability but not absorption rate. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly influences the rate of drug absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A greater effect is achieved when two drugs are combined. Synergistic effects occur when two drugs work together to produce a greater effect than when used individually. This can lead to enhanced therapeutic benefits or increased side effects. Choice A is incorrect as antagonistic effects refer to drugs that counteract each other's effects. Choice B is incorrect as drug nullification occurs when one drug cancels out the effects of another. Choice C is incorrect as an antidote reverses the effects of a specific drug, not enhances its effects when combined with another.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 is most important for nurses in terms of understanding regulations related to patient health teaching. This act outlines requirements for supplement labeling, safety, and efficacy information, ensuring that nurses can provide accurate information to patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the importance of the act for nurses in patient education. B clarifies marketing regulations, C reclassifies herbs, and D addresses marketing of herbal products, but they do not specifically focus on the nurse's role in patient education.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Household teaspoon. A household teaspoon is commonly found in most households, making it convenient for caregivers to use for administering oral liquid medications accurately. It is important to use a standardized measuring device like a household teaspoon to ensure the correct dosage is given. Measuring spoons and graduated medicine cups may vary in accuracy and are not as commonly available in households as household teaspoons, increasing the risk of dosage errors. Using these alternatives may lead to under or overdosing the medication, posing a risk to the child's health. Therefore, the household teaspoon is the most suitable option for accurate home administration of the drug.