ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, the preferred initial drug therapy includes calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics due to their effectiveness in this population. Calcium channel blockers are particularly beneficial in African-Americans, and thiazide diuretics help to address volume overload. Vasodilators alone (A) are not typically recommended as initial therapy. ACE inhibitors (B) are not the first-line choice for African-American patients. Beta blockers (D) are not the preferred initial therapy for this population based on JNC-8 guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has insulin dependent diabetes mellitis must take a glucocorticoid medication nurse will explain that there may be a need to?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase insulin dose. When a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus takes glucocorticoid medication, it can lead to increased blood glucose levels due to the medication's impact on insulin sensitivity. Therefore, increasing the insulin dose helps to maintain optimal blood glucose control. Decreasing insulin dose (B) would worsen hyperglycemia. Monitoring blood glucose less frequently (C) is risky as it may lead to missed hyperglycemic episodes. Stopping insulin temporarily (D) is dangerous and can result in severe hyperglycemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse develops a plan of care to prevent aspiration in a high risk patient which nursing action will be most effective
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place a patient with altered consciousness in a side-lying position. This is the most effective nursing action to prevent aspiration in a high-risk patient because it helps prevent the patient from aspirating any secretions or vomitus. Placing the patient in a side-lying position helps to maintain an open airway and allows for proper drainage of fluids from the mouth. Rationale: A: Turning and repositioning an immobile patient every 2 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers, but it does not directly address the risk of aspiration. C: Inserting a nasogastric tube for feeding a patient with high-calorie needs is not a preventative measure for aspiration and may even increase the risk if not managed properly. D: Monitoring respiratory symptoms in an immunosuppressed patient is important for early detection of respiratory infections but does not directly prevent aspiration.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has fluid overload. What action by the nurse takes priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer high-ceiling (loop) diuretics. In fluid overload, the priority is to remove excess fluid from the body rapidly to prevent complications like pulmonary edema and heart failure. Loop diuretics are the most effective in removing excess fluid from the body. Assessing lung sounds (choice B) is important but addressing the fluid overload takes precedence. Placing a pressure-relieving overlay on the mattress (choice C) is not the priority in managing fluid overload. Weighing the client daily (choice D) is important for monitoring fluid status, but administering diuretics to address the overload is the immediate priority.
Question 5 of 5
What population do hospice nurses provide with care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because hospice nurses specifically provide care to dying persons and their loved ones. Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and support to individuals who are terminally ill and nearing the end of their life. Hospice nurses offer physical, emotional, and spiritual care to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life during this challenging time. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because hospice care is not aimed at improving health, caring solely for children with chronic illnesses, or providing long-term care for older adults. These options do not align with the specialized support and services that hospice nurses offer to individuals at the end of life.