ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, initial drug therapy should include calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics due to their proven efficacy in this population. Calcium channel blockers help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, while thiazide diuretics help reduce fluid volume and blood pressure. This combination has shown better outcomes and reduced risk of adverse effects in African-American patients. Incorrect choices: A: Vasodilators alone - Not recommended as initial therapy for newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patients. B: ACE inhibitors alone - While ACE inhibitors are effective in treating hypertension, they are not the first-line choice for African-American patients based on JNC-8 guidelines. D: Beta blockers with thiazide diuretics - Beta blockers are not the preferred initial therapy for hypertensive African-American patients according to JNC-8 guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a massive burn injury and possible hypovolemia. Which assessment data should be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg. This is the most concerning assessment data because it indicates hypotension, which can be a sign of hypovolemic shock in a patient with massive burn injury. Hypotension can lead to inadequate tissue perfusion and organ failure. Choice A is not as concerning as low urine output can be expected in a hypovolemic patient. Choice C is not as critical as oral fluid intake may vary, but IV fluids can be administered if needed. Choice D, skin tenting, is a sign of dehydration but is not as immediately life-threatening as hypotension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse assesses several clients who have a history of respiratory disorders. Which client would the nurse assess first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The nurse should assess the 27-year-old client with a heart rate of 120 beats/min first as an elevated heart rate can indicate respiratory distress or other serious underlying conditions. This assessment is crucial for immediate intervention. A: A 66-year-old client with a barrel chest and clubbed fingernails may indicate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but does not require immediate attention compared to a high heart rate. B: A 48-year-old client with an oxygen saturation level of 92% at rest indicates potential hypoxemia but does not pose an immediate threat as the client is at rest. C: A 35-year-old client reporting orthopnea indicates difficulty breathing when lying flat, which is concerning but less urgent compared to a high heart rate.
Question 4 of 5
Which information will be most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider about an older patient who has influenza?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diffuse crackles in the lungs. This is the most important information to communicate because it indicates a potential complication like pneumonia in older patients with influenza. Crackles suggest fluid accumulation in the lungs, requiring prompt medical attention. Fever (A) and myalgia/headache (D) are common symptoms of influenza but may not indicate severe complications. Sore throat and cough (C) are typical symptoms and do not directly point to a serious issue like lung involvement.
Question 5 of 5
A client is scheduled to have a tracheostomy placed in an hour. What action by the nurse is the priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure that informed consent is on the chart. This is the priority because obtaining informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement before any invasive procedure. It ensures the client understands the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Administering anxiolytic medication can help with anxiety but is not the priority. Reinforcing teaching and starting preoperative antibiotics are important but come after ensuring informed consent to prioritize the client's autonomy and safety.